Public report of projectglow/glow, published 21 October 2026. It has the same score, grades and number of findings as the full report. The details of security findings (where they are in the code, which known vulnerabilities and which passwords or keys were found) are left out, so nobody can use them against the project.
Public
Executive report Measured under the Code Assurance Index, an open standard for code quality, using its published scoring rules (rubric version 2026.10.5). Watchdog signed this survey and filed it in the standard's public register, where anyone can look it up by its survey ID. Check this survey → Signed and filed in the standard's public register, 21 October 2026, 09:19 UTC · Survey ID cd_1b62a8a5e79442ccb56cbabdaaa66457

projectglow/glow

Measured 21 October 2026, 09:16 UTC, at code version 0539c76

CAI score 68out of 100 Adequate
CriticalWeakAdequateStrongExemplary
Down 4 since the last survey

The score is built from these lenses. Each lens grades one area of the code, such as how easy it is to change or how well it is protected. The weakest lens counts most, so one weak area pulls the score down instead of being averaged away.

Architecture 91 Adequate Security and Compliance 78 Adequate Code Health 72 Adequate Maturity 67 Adequate Production Readiness 63 Adequate

A medium codebase: 21,583 lines of product code in 6 projects, tests not counted · Estimated rebuild effort: about 0.3 person-years · Weakest lens: Production Readiness, 63

Findings by how serious they are

49 critical 62 serious 95 minor

12 dimensions are left out of the score. For each one, Watchdog either couldn't measure it in this code, or found no evidence of the safeguard it looks for, such as a tested backup restore. They count neither for nor against the score, and Limitations lists each one with its reason.

This survey was produced by

Watchdog
Producer
Canine Development
Analyzer
Watchdog engine 1.0.0
Measured
21 October 2026, 09:16 UTC

A measurement, not a certificate. The Code Assurance Index records a number together with the evidence it was worked out from, so anyone can recalculate it, but it doesn't certify or guarantee the code. The standard was written by Canine Development, which also builds Watchdog. It is open to any tool that implements it, and today Watchdog is the only one that does.

The score is deterministic, which means the same code always gets the same score. Watchdog works it out with tools that follow published rules, and an AI model never decides it, so anyone who applies the same rules to the same code gets the same number. How it is done is explained under Methodology ▸

59of 63 dimensions measured by tools. The other 4 are advisory notes from an AI model, which explain the code but don't count towards the score.
191of 206 findings point to an exact file and line, so you can open each one in the code. The other 15 concern the repository as a whole, such as missing documentation.
63dimensions across 5 lenses, read from 21,583 lines of product code in 6 projects.
Chapters

Executive summary

projectglow/glow scores 68 out of 100 and is rated Adequate, while three of its five lenses score higher still: Architecture at 91, Security and Compliance at 78 and Code Health at 72, all rated Adequate.

The score is lower than those three because the weakest lens counts most, and here that is Production Readiness, which scores 63 and is rated Adequate. Its weakest dimension is Observability, which scores 5 out of 10. The first actions are to resolve the 2 Documentation finding(s) in Documentation Quality and to resolve the 73 Orphaned file finding(s) in Knowledge Freshness, and if Production Readiness rose to 70, the score would rise from 68 to about 71.

49 findings are critical: 48 in Static Analysis (SAST) and one in Secrets (history).

Watchdog couldn't measure 11 dimensions in this code, among them Code Coverage, Test Reliability and Internal API Consistency, so they are left out of the score. The product code is 21,583 lines, which would take an estimated 0.3 person-years, around €45,000, to rebuild.

Code Health 72 Adequate, capped by Nullable reference types Architecture 91 Adequate, capped by Project Cohesion Maturity 67 Adequate, capped by Knowledge Freshness Production Readiness 63 Adequate Security and Compliance 78 Adequate, capped by Static Analysis (SAST)

A lens is capped at Adequate while one of its dimensions scores below 4 out of 10, however well the rest of the lens does. That way a serious problem in one place always shows in the lens's rating.

How the score is built: what each lens counts for The lenses don't count equally. The weakest lens counts most, the next weakest a little less, and so on, so a weak area pulls the score down instead of being averaged away. In the bar below, each part's width shows how much that lens counts and its colour shows its rating. Improving the widest part moves the score most, and as that lens improves, it counts for less, because another lens becomes the weakest.
Production Readiness 63 · counts for 47%Maturity 67 · counts for 26%Code Health 72 · counts for 14%Security and Compliance 78 · counts for 8%Architecture 91 · counts for 4%

If Production Readiness rose from 63 to 70, the lowest score rated Strong, the score would rise from 68 to about 71.

Code composition: what the lines of code are
Product code 60%Tests 40%
New since the last survey: 52 findings

These 52 critical or serious findings weren't in the previous survey, on 5 October 2026.

  • Cyclomatic Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cyclomatic 42) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala
  • Cyclomatic Complexity · InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 23) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala
  • Cyclomatic Complexity · CallSummaryStats.update (cyclomatic 20) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala
  • Cyclomatic Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead (cyclomatic 17) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala
  • Cyclomatic Complexity · VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cyclomatic 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala
  • Cyclomatic Complexity · InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala
  • Cyclomatic Complexity · VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.updateInfoField (cyclomatic 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cognitive 87) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · CallSummaryStats.update (cognitive 40) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cognitive 35) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cognitive 34) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · VariantNormalizer.normalizeVariant (cognitive 28) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/VariantNormalizer.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead (cognitive 27) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · HardCalls.getHardCalls (cognitive 23) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantUtilExprs.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · QuinaryOptionalExpression.eval (cognitive 22) core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · SenaryExpression.eval (cognitive 21) core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/SenaryExpression.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · BgenRecordWriter.getCompressedGenotypeProbabilityData (cognitive 20) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenRecordWriter.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · functions._prepare_sql_args (cognitive 19) python/glow/sql/functions.py
  • Cognitive Complexity · InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.createAnnotationArray (cognitive 18) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.parseGenotypes (cognitive 17) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · render_template.prepare_definitions (cognitive 17) REDACTED
  • Cognitive Complexity · VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.getAnnotationArray (cognitive 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala
  • Cognitive Complexity · functions._validate_offset (cognitive 16) python/glow/gwas/functions.py
  • God Classes · TooManyMethods: VariantContextToInternalRowConverter core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala
  • God Classes · TooManyMethods: functions core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/functions.scala
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (9 lines × 2) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/LeftOverlapJoin.scala
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (8 lines × 2) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (26 lines × 3) core/src/main/shim/3.4/SparkShim.scala
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (6 lines × 2) core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (27–30 lines × 2) python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (10 lines × 2) python/glow/gwas/lin_reg.py
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (21 lines × 2) python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py
  • Code Duplication · Duplicated block (5 lines × 2) python/glow/wgr/ridge_reduction.py
  • Cohesion (LCOM4) · Low cohesion: InternalRowToVariantContextConverter (LCOM4 9) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala
  • Cohesion (LCOM4) · Low cohesion: VariantContextToInternalRowConverter (LCOM4 8) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/gff/GffDataSource.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/SqlExtensionProvider.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/util/HadoopLineIterator.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/NormalizeVariantsTransformer.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/NormalizeVariantsTransformer.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/splitmultiallelics/SplitMultiallelicsTransformer.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/pipe/PipeTransformer.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/splitmultiallelics/VariantSplitter.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.scala
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment python/glow/wgr/ridge_regression.py
  • Explicit Debt · TodoComment python/glow/wgr/ridge_reduction.py
  • Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED
  • Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED
  • Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED
  • Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED
  • Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED
  • Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED

Watchdog compares every finding with the previous survey's. A finding that has only moved to another line in the same file counts as the same finding, so only new findings appear here. Advisory notes from the AI model are left out, because the model words them afresh in every survey.

Fixed since the last survey: 1 finding

This critical or serious finding was in the previous survey, on 5 October 2026, and is gone from this one.

  • Supply-chain Provenance & Signing REDACTED
Rebuild cost: about €45,000 · Estimate
Cost to rebuild€15,000 to €75,000, for 248 to 788 hours of work, about 0.3 person-years for one engineer
Difficulty of the problemStandard, judged from the kind of software and how it is built. Code that solves a harder problem, such as payments or medical bookings, costs more per line to write.
Quality factor×1.0 at a score of 68. Better code takes more work to write, so the factor is ×1.0 at a score of 70, lower below it and higher above it.
SizeMedium: 21,583 lines of product code

How the estimate is made: Watchdog prices the hours a team would need to write this code again, at €60 to €95 an hour. Declarations and boilerplate are priced at a fast rate and logic at a slower one, and the logic is then multiplied by the difficulty of the problem and by the quality factor. The estimate can be about 30% off either way, and it moves most with the hourly rate and the difficulty. For this code, every line is priced as straight logic, which keeps the estimate on the low side.

Top priorities

The three actions that raise the score most for the work they take. The full ranked list is in the Roadmap.

1
Resolve the 2 Documentation finding(s) in Documentation Quality — start with index.rst (2).
Raises the score by about 2 points · Low effort · Documentation Quality
2
Resolve the 73 Orphaned file finding(s) in Knowledge Freshness — start with functions.py (2), InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala, VCFFileFormat.scala.
Raises the score by about 3 points · Medium effort · Knowledge Freshness
3
Extend structured logging to the remaining runnable modules so everything you run is diagnosable in production.
Raises the score by about 2 points · Medium effort · Observability

Diagnosis: what the measurements show together

Each conclusion below combines several dimensions into one point that no single dimension shows, and lists the measurements it rests on.

Where the investment is most exposed · Value at risk
This code would cost about €45,000 to build again, about 0.3 person-years of work. Its weakest lens is Production Readiness, at 63 (Adequate). Production Readiness is about whether the product is ready to run in production and to change without breaking. Because the weakest lens counts most in the score, work on Production Readiness also moves the score most.
Based on: the rebuild estimate · the Production Readiness grade · how much each lens counts
What to do: Start with the Production Readiness actions in Top priorities.
If you do one thing first · First action
Resolve the 2 Documentation finding(s) in Documentation Quality. Of all the actions in this report, it raises the score most for the work it takes: about 2 points for low effort, because it clears the 2 Documentation Quality findings. The next survey will show the change in the score.
Based on: the ranked actions in Top priorities, by score gain and effort

Architecture — module dependency graph

Project dependencies, layered top-to-bottom; arrows show direction. Any dashed red edge points upward or sideways — a layering smell or cycle. A clean layered graph has none.

arch core core docs docs python python docs->python glow.py py root root stagedRelease stagedRelease

Architecture: which parts of the code depend on which

The code is divided into modules, groups of code that each handle one part of the product, and a module depends on another when it uses code from it. The table lists the modules both down the side and across the top, in an order where each module should only use modules listed above it. A number in a cell means the module on that row uses the module in that column, and it counts the pairs of building blocks (types) that connect them. The one thing to look for is a mark above the diagonal line. It means two or more modules use each other in a loop (a dependency cycle), so none of them can be changed, tested or released on its own.

57 modules, with 41 dependencies between them. Every module uses only modules listed above it, so there are no loops.

The table shows the 40 modules with the most connections; 17 more are left out to keep it readable.

Which modules use which. The module on each row uses the module in each column, and the number counts the pairs of types that connect them. A cell above the diagonal is part of a loop.
uses →1 docs.dev2 docs.extensions3 docs.extensions.notebook4 docs.source._static.notebooks5 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl6 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.data7 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.python8 docs.source._static.notebooks.tertiary9 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE10 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl11 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl.python12 io.projectglow.SparkShimBase13 io.projectglow.common14 python.glow.gwas.approx_firth15 python.glow.gwas.functions16 python.glow.gwas.lin_reg17 python.glow.gwas.log_reg18 python.glow.wgr.ridge_reduction19 io.projectglow20 io.projectglow.SparkShim21 io.projectglow.common.logging22 io.projectglow.sql23 io.projectglow.sql.optimizer24 io.projectglow.sql.util25 python.glow.gwas26 python.glow.wgr.logistic_ridge_regression27 python.glow.wgr.ridge_regression28 io.projectglow.bgen29 io.projectglow.plink30 io.projectglow.sql.expressions31 io.projectglow.transformers32 io.projectglow.transformers.blockvariantsandsamples33 io.projectglow.transformers.normalizevariants34 io.projectglow.transformers.pipe35 io.projectglow.transformers.splitmultiallelics36 io.projectglow.bgen.SnpBlockCompression37 io.projectglow.sql.expressions.VariantType38 io.projectglow.transformers.pipe.PipeTransformer39 io.projectglow.vcf40 io.projectglow.vcf.SchemaDelegate
1 docs.dev
2 docs.extensions
3 docs.extensions.notebook
4 docs.source._static.notebooks
5 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl
6 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.data
7 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.python
8 docs.source._static.notebooks.tertiary
9 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE
10 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl
11 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl.python
12 io.projectglow.SparkShimBase
13 io.projectglow.common
14 python.glow.gwas.approx_firth
15 python.glow.gwas.functions
16 python.glow.gwas.lin_reg
17 python.glow.gwas.log_reg
18 python.glow.wgr.ridge_reduction
19 io.projectglow2
20 io.projectglow.SparkShim2
21 io.projectglow.common.logging1
22 io.projectglow.sql1
23 io.projectglow.sql.optimizer1
24 io.projectglow.sql.util1
25 python.glow.gwas2111
26 python.glow.wgr.logistic_ridge_regression1
27 python.glow.wgr.ridge_regression1
28 io.projectglow.bgen1113
29 io.projectglow.plink21
30 io.projectglow.sql.expressions520
31 io.projectglow.transformers1
32 io.projectglow.transformers.blockvariantsandsamples111
33 io.projectglow.transformers.normalizevariants111
34 io.projectglow.transformers.pipe42
35 io.projectglow.transformers.splitmultiallelics111
36 io.projectglow.bgen.SnpBlockCompression3
37 io.projectglow.sql.expressions.VariantType6
38 io.projectglow.transformers.pipe.PipeTransformer12
39 io.projectglow.vcf161136
40 io.projectglow.vcf.SchemaDelegate2
Uses a module listed above itPart of a loopThe module itself
1 docs.dev2 docs.extensions3 docs.extensions.notebook4 docs.source._static.notebooks5 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl6 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.data7 docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.python8 docs.source._static.notebooks.tertiary9 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE10 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl11 docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl.python12 io.projectglow.SparkShimBase13 io.projectglow.common14 python.glow.gwas.approx_firth15 python.glow.gwas.functions16 python.glow.gwas.lin_reg17 python.glow.gwas.log_reg18 python.glow.wgr.ridge_reduction19 io.projectglow20 io.projectglow.SparkShim21 io.projectglow.common.logging22 io.projectglow.sql23 io.projectglow.sql.optimizer24 io.projectglow.sql.util25 python.glow.gwas26 python.glow.wgr.logistic_ridge_regression27 python.glow.wgr.ridge_regression28 io.projectglow.bgen29 io.projectglow.plink30 io.projectglow.sql.expressions31 io.projectglow.transformers32 io.projectglow.transformers.blockvariantsandsamples33 io.projectglow.transformers.normalizevariants34 io.projectglow.transformers.pipe35 io.projectglow.transformers.splitmultiallelics36 io.projectglow.bgen.SnpBlockCompression37 io.projectglow.sql.expressions.VariantType38 io.projectglow.transformers.pipe.PipeTransformer39 io.projectglow.vcf40 io.projectglow.vcf.SchemaDelegatedocs.dev1docs.extensions2docs.extensions.notebook3docs.source._static.notebooks4docs.source._static.notebooks.etl5docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.data6docs.source._static.notebooks.etl.python7docs.source._static.notebooks.tertiary8docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE9docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl10docs.source._static.zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE.etl.python11io.projectglow.SparkShimBase12io.projectglow.common13python.glow.gwas.approx_firth14python.glow.gwas.functions15python.glow.gwas.lin_reg16python.glow.gwas.log_reg17python.glow.wgr.ridge_reduction18io.projectglow19io.projectglow.SparkShim20io.projectglow.common.logging21io.projectglow.sql22io.projectglow.sql.optimizer23io.projectglow.sql.util24python.glow.gwas25python.glow.wgr.logistic_ridge_regression26python.glow.wgr.ridge_regression27io.projectglow.bgen28io.projectglow.plink29io.projectglow.sql.expressions30io.projectglow.transformers31io.projectglow.transformers.blockvariantsandsamples32io.projectglow.transformers.normalizevariants33io.projectglow.transformers.pipe34io.projectglow.transformers.splitmultiallelics35io.projectglow.bgen.SnpBlockCompression36io.projectglow.sql.expressions.VariantType37io.projectglow.transformers.pipe.PipeTransformer38io.projectglow.vcf39io.projectglow.vcf.SchemaDelegate4022111121111111132152011111114211136121611362+17 more modules (most-connected shown)

At a glance — Code Health · 72% · Adequate · gated by X5 ·

The Good
D1 · Scala Cyclomatic Complexity 8.4 D3 · Scala God Classes 9.6 D4 · Scala Code Duplication 9.8 D17 · Scala Explicit Debt 9.9 GD1 · Repo Unfinished & placeholder code 10.0 IC1 · Repo Incompleteness & stubs 10.0 X1 · Repo Async correctness 10.0 X12 · Repo Unreachable branch 10.0 X13 · Repo Undrained process stream 10.0 X16 · Repo Unfloored truncation loop 10.0 X18 · Repo Disposal-pattern correctness 10.0 X19 · Repo Unrestored process-global state 10.0 X20 · Repo Mistyped argument guard 10.0 X21 · Repo Side-effecting pattern guard 10.0 X22 · Repo Contradicted release guard 10.0 X23 · Repo Unguarded diagnostic materialisation 10.0 X25 · Repo Inert configuration knob 10.0 X26 · Repo Unsynchronised callback handoff 10.0 X27 · Repo Collection changed while being enumerated 10.0 X28 · Repo Index access outside its own emptiness guard 10.0 X29 · Repo Per-element action decided by a fixed element 10.0 X3 · Repo Exception handling 10.0 X30 · Repo Support guard that admits what it rejects 10.0
The Bad
D2 · Scala Cognitive Complexity 6.9
The Ugly
X5 · Repo Nullable reference types 2.0

At a glance — Architecture · 91% · Adequate · gated by D26 ·

The Good
D5 · Scala Coupling 10.0 D6 · Scala Cohesion (LCOM4) 9.1 D35 · Scala Change Coupling 10.0 AX10 · Repo Code composition 10.0 AX3 · Repo Project dependency cycles 10.0 AX4 · Repo Dependency direction 10.0 AX6 · Repo Interface segregation 10.0
The Ugly
D26 · Scala Project Cohesion 0.0

At a glance — Maturity · 67% · Adequate · gated by D34 ·

The Good
D15 · Scala Churn × Complexity Hotspots 10.0 D16 · Scala Bus Factor 10.0 D19 · Scala Documentation Quality 8.3 D21 · Scala Naming Consistency 10.0 M1 · Repo Documentation (README) 7.3 M3 · Repo Folder & project structure 10.0 M4 · Repo Documentation accuracy 10.0
The Bad
M2 · Repo Architecture documentation 5.0
The Ugly
D34 · Scala Knowledge Freshness 0.3

At a glance — Readiness · 63% · Adequate ·

The Good
D9 · Scala Test Distribution 10.0 D12 · Scala Dependency Hygiene 9.8 D13 · Scala REDACTED Scanning 10.0 D14 · Scala License Compliance 10.0 P1 · Repo CI/CD gates 10.0 P4 · Repo Deployment & Rollback 7.0
The Bad
P10 · Repo Library API & versioning 6.0 P2 · Repo Observability 5.0 P3 · Repo Security & performance tooling 6.0 P6 · Repo Release Hygiene 5.0

At a glance — Security · 78% · Adequate · gated by D29 ·

The Good
D28 · Scala Secrets (history) 9.0 D30 · Scala Dependency Vulnerabilities 9.8 D31 · Scala IaC & Container Security 10.0 D43 · Scala Malicious Dependencies 10.0 D44 · Scala Platform End-of-Life 10.0 X14 · Repo Bypassable address classification 10.0 X17 · Repo Uncapped recursion over a caller-supplied document 10.0 X24 · Repo Document value interpolated into markup unescaped 10.0
The Bad
D36 · Scala Supply-chain Provenance & Signing 5.0
The Ugly
D29 · Scala Static Analysis (SAST) 0.6 X15 · Repo Unvalidated length from an untrusted reader 2.7

Security & Compliance — OWASP Top-10 mapping

Findings mapped to OWASP categories; the specific CVEs/secrets are in the Security dimension cards below and findings.md (redacted only on the public version of this report).

OWASP categoryFindingsSeverity
A05:2025 — Injection51High / Critical
A03:2025 — Software Supply Chain Failures10Medium
A07:2025 — Authentication Failures2High / Critical

Roadmap

Begin by resolving the 73 orphaned files in the Knowledge Freshness dimension, prioritizing functions.py, InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala, and VCFFileFormat.scala. Next, extend structured logging to all remaining runnable modules to ensure full production diagnosability, while simultaneously establishing a changelog to track release contents. Document significant design decisions in a dedicated folder to preserve architectural context, and finally, enforce strict null safety by enabling explicit null checks in Scala and eliminating unsafe null assertions at API boundaries.

Ranked by impact ÷ effort. "Helps" is the estimated gain on the 0–100 health score.

Do thisHelpsEffortDimension
Resolve the 2 Documentation finding(s) in Documentation Quality — start with index.rst (2).+1.8 ptsLowDocumentation Quality
Resolve the 73 Orphaned file finding(s) in Knowledge Freshness — start with functions.py (2), InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala, VCFFileFormat.scala.+3.5 ptsMediumKnowledge Freshness
Extend structured logging to the remaining runnable modules so everything you run is diagnosable in production.+2.4 ptsMediumObservability
Keep a changelog (e.g. Keep-a-Changelog) recording what shipped in each release.+2.4 ptsMediumRelease Hygiene
Record your significant design decisions. Write one short document per decision, giving its date, the situation, the decision and its consequences, and keep them together with your other design documents. A docs/adr folder with each file named by number and title is the easiest place to find them.+2.3 ptsMediumArchitecture documentation
On Scala 3, add `-Yexplicit-nulls` to `scalacOptions` so `String` and `String | Null` mean different things, and type each Java API's result as nullable where it can return null; on Scala 2 (or as a first step), enable WartRemover's `Null` wart (`wartremoverErrors += Wart.Null`) or Scalafix's `DisableSyntax.noNulls = true` so the code holds absence in `Option`. Then pay the assertions down rather than adding to them: each `.nn` is a null the compiler could not rule out — wrap the Java value in `Option(…)` at the boundary, pattern-match on `null` once there, or change the API so the null cannot arrive; an `unsafeNulls` import switches the checking off for everything after it.+2.0 ptsMediumNullable reference types
Keep implementation types off the public surface (Java: package-private (no modifier), or leave its package out of `module-info` exports) — even for a small library, every public type is a stability contract.+1.7 ptsMediumLibrary API & versioning
Your ecosystem's static analyzer is declared as a dependency but is not wired into CI — run it as a required step on push/PR (e.g. `composer phpstan` / `mix sobelow` / `bundle exec brakeman` / the spotbugs Gradle task / `sbt scalafixAll --check` / `golangci-lint run` / `rebar3 lint`) so a regression fails the build instead of relying on someone running it locally.+1.7 ptsMediumSecurity & performance tooling

File quality

Per-file score 0–10 — a quality signature. Of 43 files carrying findings, judged against the Production bar: 14% slop · 39% mixed · 47% near-clean.

FileScoreBandWorst signal
REDACTED1.3SlopStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
REDACTED2.3SlopStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
REDACTED2.3SlopStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
REDACTED2.7SlopStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
REDACTED2.7SlopStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
REDACTED3.0SlopStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
REDACTED4.8MixedStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala5.9MixedCyclomatic Complexity: VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.updateInfoField (cyclomatic 16)
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala6.3MixedCyclomatic Complexity: InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 16)
REDACTED6.4MixedStatic Analysis (SAST): Medium: REDACTED
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.scala6.7MixedExplicit Debt: TodoComment
python/glow/wgr/ridge_reduction.py6.7MixedExplicit Debt: TodoComment
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala7.1MixedCyclomatic Complexity: TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cyclomatic 42)
REDACTED7.2MixedSecrets (history): REDACTED: REDACTED
REDACTED7.2MixedStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
REDACTED7.2MixedStatic Analysis (SAST): High: REDACTED
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/NormalizeVariantsTransformer.scala7.3MixedExplicit Debt: TodoComment
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala7.8MixedCyclomatic Complexity: InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 23)
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala7.8MixedCyclomatic Complexity: CallSummaryStats.update (cyclomatic 20)
core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala7.8MixedCyclomatic Complexity: VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cyclomatic 16)

How the grades work

Every finding carries one of four grades. Three say how serious it is. The fourth says this survey could not settle it — and it is a grade, not a gap.

Critical — 49

A definite problem that already costs you something and drags the score down: a missing authorisation check, a dependency with a known exploit, a build that does not reproduce. Failure here tends to cause failures elsewhere.

Serious — 62

Likely wrong, but not failing yet. It degrades the codebase over a longer horizon and can cause failures elsewhere — not urgent this week, not something to carry for two years either.

Minor — 95

Recorded, with no effect on how the codebase functions. Present so the survey is complete, not because it needs doing.

Could not be resolved — 12

Something this survey could not settle from the outside, and which could be critical or serious. Either a control was required and no positive evidence of it exists in the repository — a backup job that nothing shows was ever restored from proves nothing about restores — or our own analysis could not run over that part of the tree. This is not a clean result. These are excluded from the score rather than awarded a pass, so the number on the cover neither rewards nor penalises them: if you act on this survey without resolving them, you carry that risk yourself. Each one is named under Limitations.

Methodology & how to trust this report

Watchdog is a deep, periodic assessment — run each sprint, monthly, or quarterly, taking the time to go wider and deeper than a quick check and surfacing in one coherent report what you'd otherwise piece together from a dozen separate tools. It scores deterministically: the same commit yields the same score, every run. 59 of 63 evaluated dimensions are computed purely by tools and static analysis (confidence 1.0); 4 documentation/naming judgement(s) are LLM-assisted and labelled advisory. Overall confidence is 0.9 — the weighted average across measured dimensions; it falls as more of the score leans on LLM-assisted judgement and rises when it's fully tool-backed.

Every figure here is one of three kinds, and we label which: ✓ Measured — a deterministic fact (LoC, complexity, coverage); ~ Modeled — an estimate from a stated model (cost, effort, value-at-risk), always a range with its assumptions, never a precise fact; ◐ Advisory — an LLM prose judgement. We never present a modelled estimate as if it were measured. Perfect or absent scores carry their provenance too (ADR-0011): ✓ Tool-verified means the property itself was measured across the surface; ○ Nothing flagged means the probes came back clean — a claim bounded by what a repository can show; ⊘ Not evidenced means a working control (a tested restore, an automated rollback) showed no positive evidence — absence of evidence is not evidence of a control, so it's excluded from the score rather than awarded a spurious 10; ◐ Sampled · advisory marks an LLM verdict over a bounded sample — advisory, never a deterministic measurement.

What we checked — 63 dimensions across the health lenses
D1D2D3D4D5D6D9D12D13D14D15D16D17D19D21D26D28D29D30D31D34D35D36D43D44AX10AX3AX4AX6GD1IC1M1M2M3M4P1P10P2P3P4P6X1X12X13X14X15X16X17X18X19X20X21X22X23X24X25X26X27X28X29X3X30X5

Each chip is a dimension scored from real signals across architecture, testing, dependencies, security & compliance, documentation, git-history and code quality — in one coherent pass. A surface report typically covers a handful.

How to trust any code-health report — three questions
  1. Can you open the finding? Real findings cite a repo-relative file and line you can open at the cited line — never an absolute scratch path. Here, 191 of 206 do; the remainder are repo-wide signals — a dimension-level measurement, not a single line. (Every path in this report is repo-relative by construction: paths are normalized at the producer and the report is rejected if any rooted path leaks through.)
  2. Is there a tool behind the number? Every score below names the method that produced it — Roslyn, git, a scanner, or (for a handful of documentation/naming dimensions) an LLM labelled sampled · advisory — not a narrative.
  3. Does re-running give the same result? Run it again on the same commit and the score — and this report, byte for byte — is identical. A report whose numbers move between runs is describing the run, not the code.

This report answers yes to all three. That's the bar to hold any assessment to.

Tools & methods

The actual versions used this run (captured at analysis time) — re-run on the same commit for the identical score.

MethodBacksVersionEvaluator
Roslyn static analysisComplexity, cohesion, coupling, dead code, API surface, layering5.3.0✓ deterministic
Native secret scannerHardcoded secrets / credentials1.0.0✓ deterministic
Watchdog duplication detector (in-process)Code duplication1.0.0✓ deterministic
Coverage (coverlet / dotnet-coverage)Line & branch coverage10.0.400✓ deterministic
NuGet / dotnetOutdated, vulnerable & deprecated dependencies10.0.400✓ deterministic
git / LibGit2SharpChurn hotspots, knowledge concentration, history2.43.0 · 0.31.0✓ deterministic
gitleaks · semgrep · trivy · checkovSecrets in history, SAST, CVEs, IaC & container, PII / GDPR1.86.0 · 0.69.3 · 3.2.533✓ deterministic
LLM (sampled · advisory)Documentation quality, ADR conformance, naming — sampled over a bounded sample; advisory, never a deterministic measurementLocal LLM◐ LLM · sampled · advisory

Every finding is locatable in findings.md. Run 01a15dbf-d785-7c34-85b3-1348d4f1ac33.

The exact command behind every deep-scan dimension — tool, version, invocation and retained raw output — is in Appendix B — Reproduction & audit trail.

Run transparency — what happened this run

What ran differently this time — a tool absent, degraded, or that fell back to an estimate. Named openly, not folded silently into the scores. A degraded run also records its exact cause in diagnostics.md.

  • D8 Code Coverage — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. Coverage NOT READ here — but this repository measures it: a Codecov configuration (codecov.yml, target 93%) and a coverage step in CI (`sbt compile coverage core/test core/coverageReport`) shows that coverage is collected and tracked in your own CI. The built-in collector has no runner for this ecosystem (.py, .scala), so the analyzer could not read the number — a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not an unmeasured repo. Not scored. To have the real number read, produce a coverage report in a standard format (`coverage run -m pytest` then `coverage xml`, or `addSbtPlugin("org.scoverage" % "sbt-scoverage" % "<version>")` in `project/plugins.sbt`, then `sbt clean coverage test coverageReport`) and commit it — a hosted scan measures a clone of the repository, so a report that exists only in a working tree, a CI runner's or your own, never reaches it; the artefact is commonly gitignored, so `git add -f` that one file (or un-ignore its path) and commit it alongside the code it measures. You can widen what we reach: optional: produce a coverage report in a standard format (`coverage run -m pytest` then `coverage xml`, or `addSbtPlugin("org.scoverage" % "sbt-scoverage" % "<version>")` in `project/plugins.sbt`, then `sbt clean coverage test coverageReport`) and commit it — a hosted scan measures a clone of the repository, so a report that exists only in a working tree, a CI runner's or your own, never reaches it; the artefact is commonly gitignored, so `git add -f` that one file (or un-ignore its path) and commit it alongside the code it measures — then the real number is read on the next scan.
  • D11 Test Reliability — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. Test source is present (.py, .scala) and this repository declares an sbt build (repository root, 57 test files), but it was not re-run: no test result was produced. Not scored — this is a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not a finding about this repository.
  • D22 Internal API Consistency — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. D22 identifies the intentionally-exposed surface from `IsPackable` and `.Contracts` project names, MSBuild conventions read off the loaded project set. This target exposed no such projects, so the probe never ran; this says nothing about whether the repository has a public API. This repository commits no C#/VB source at all, so there was never an MSBuild project set to read these conventions off. That is OUR side and it is an ADMISSION gap, not an environment fault: it declares a published package (REDACTED), but no published-package marker D22 reads admitted any project here. D22 DOES collect the public API of every language in this tree, and admits a project only when its manifest makes that ecosystem's publication act in a form the marker recognises — so what is missing is not a collector but an admission rule for the publication act this repository makes, if it makes one. The remedy is a better discriminator for that marker — not a collector, and no change to the scan image can close it. The marker's rules are measured to refuse applications, so one refused repository is the rule working as calibrated; several are the evidence that it is too strict.
  • D27 Navigability — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. Navigability is taken over call sites whose callee resolved. For C# that population includes calls into referenced assemblies; for this language only calls declared inside the repository count, so the abstention threshold reads the repository's use of its standard library as a resolution failure. That is a limit of this analyzer, not a build problem in this repository.
  • AXR1 Runtime accessibility — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. Render strategy: boot via Dockerfile (docs/source/_static/docker/Dockerfile). docker build failed (exit 1) — DEPRECATED: The legacy builder is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Install the buildx component to build images with BuildKit: https://docs.docker.com/go/bui…; runtime evidence skipped.
  • C1 Data Protection — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. These personal data controls are read from declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names and guard methods in a C# source model, and none was loaded on this run, so there was nothing to gather. That is a gap in this analyzer's language reach — not a finding that the repository lacks personal data controls.
  • C2 Access Controls — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. These authorization controls are read from declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names and guard methods in a C# source model, and none was loaded on this run, so there was nothing to gather. That is a gap in this analyzer's language reach — not a finding that the repository lacks authorization controls.
  • C3 Audit Trail — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. These audit controls are read from declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names and guard methods in a C# source model, and none was loaded on this run, so there was nothing to gather. That is a gap in this analyzer's language reach — not a finding that the repository lacks audit controls.
  • C4 Data Retention — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. These retention controls are read from declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names and guard methods in a C# source model, and none was loaded on this run, so there was nothing to gather. That is a gap in this analyzer's language reach — not a finding that the repository lacks retention controls.
  • C5 Data-Subject Rights — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. These data-subject rights controls are read from declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names and guard methods in a C# source model, and none was loaded on this run, so there was nothing to gather. That is a gap in this analyzer's language reach — not a finding that the repository lacks data-subject rights controls.
  • S1 Web-Security Posture — not measured this run — Watchdog could not measure this here. That is a gap on our side — a collector, parser or image we have not built yet — and it is neither a defect in this repository nor evidence that the check would have passed. These web-security controls are read from declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names and guard methods in a C# source model, and none was loaded on this run, so there was nothing to gather. That is a gap in this analyzer's language reach — not a finding that the repository lacks web-security controls.

Repo exclusion declarations (.gitattributes linguist-generated/vendored, .editorconfig generated_code): none declared — every source file was scored.

Limitations & what we did not check

Watchdog assesses the repository exactly as committed, and only the repository. By design it does not reach outside the source tree: the live cloud account, the running CI/CD pipeline, the host's branch-protection and approval rules, the production configuration, or a restore actually exercised against a backup are all out of scope. That boundary is a feature, not a gap — a repo-relative, deterministic scan re-runs identically on any commit and every finding opens at a real file and line, where a live audit can neither be reproduced nor traced. The visible consequence is that controls which leave no in-repo evidence are reported as "not evidenced" and excluded from the score rather than awarded a number a static scan cannot justify.

Per-dimension blind spots

For each dimension that was measured, what a static, repo-only scan structurally cannot see — the honest edge of the measurement, not a failure of it.

  • D1 Cyclomatic Complexity: Cyclomatic complexity counts branches statically — it cannot tell an essential decision tree from accidental tangle, nor see complexity that lives in data or configuration (large switch-case token tables, DSL lexers/parsers, data-as-code rule tables) rather than control flow: a tokenizer's many single-character cases read as high complexity though each branch is trivial.
  • D2 Cognitive Complexity: Cognitive-complexity heuristics approximate how hard code is to follow; genuine domain difficulty and well-named intent that eases reading are not captured.
  • D3 God Classes: "God class" is sized by members and responsibilities visible in the type — a deliberately broad facade over a coherent subsystem can read the same as an accidental grab-bag. For front-end JS the file-length check is cohesion-aware (a single-responsibility module — one class/IIFE — earns a 3× threshold), but cohesion is approximated from top-level declarations, not true dependency structure.
  • D4 Code Duplication: Duplication is token-similarity — an in-process token-stream comparison over sliding windows, with type-aware normalization — so it finds copy-paste, not semantic duplication expressed differently. Committed machine-written code (scaffolded migrations, designer/codegen output, protobuf/OpenAPI stubs, model snapshots) is EXCLUDED — its repetition is the tool's, not the team's — so the score reflects hand-written duplication only.
  • D5 Coupling: Coupling is measured between projects/assemblies — runtime coupling through DI, reflection, messaging or shared databases is invisible to a static reference graph.
  • D6 Cohesion (LCOM4): LCOM4 cohesion is syntactic — it infers connectivity from which methods touch which fields/methods by name, not from real runtime behaviour or intent.
  • D9 Test Distribution: The test-pyramid shape is inferred from project/folder naming and references, with a single test host bucketed per-file by its path tier and content signals — a suite that names tiers unconventionally and gives no per-file signal can still be mis-bucketed.
  • D12 Dependency Hygiene: Dependency health reads manifests and lockfiles — a vulnerability in a vendored/copied dependency, or risk from how a dependency is actually used, is outside this view.
  • D13 REDACTED Scanning: REDACTED detection is signature- and entropy-based on the current tree — a secret that does not match a known pattern, or one already rotated, will not be flagged (a clean scan is "nothing matched", not "no secrets exist").
  • D14 License Compliance: License compatibility is checked against declared package metadata and a policy — mislabelled or missing license metadata, and obligations that depend on how you distribute, are not resolved here.
  • D15 Churn × Complexity Hotspots: Churn hotspots come from git history — a freshly imported or squashed repository has no churn signal, and recent rewrites can mask a historically risky file.
  • D16 Bus Factor: Bus-factor is a time-decayed model of commit attribution (who has recently, repeatedly worked a file), not comprehension — pairing, review and reading-without-committing spread knowledge it can't see; bot commits and shared accounts still distort it.
  • D17 Explicit Debt: Acknowledged-debt signals (TODO/FIXME, suppressions, dead code) are textual — undocumented debt that nobody marked, and debt that lives in design rather than annotations, is invisible. Committed machine-written code (scaffolded migrations, designer/codegen output, generated stubs) is excluded — it is never the team's dead code to delete.
  • D19 Documentation Quality: Documentation quality is judged by an LLM over a bounded sample of docs — it reads what is written, not whether the docs match the running system, and it is advisory, not a measurement. Its critique rows are drawn from a closed category vocabulary and each row means the same thing in every run, so two scans can be compared row by row; the SET that fires is still a sample, and does not repeat exactly. Measured on one frozen input, six scans at one engine SHA: 2-5 critique rows per scan, 8 distinct rows across the six, 3 of those 8 seen in only one scan. So a D19 row is evidence about the documentation, but a COUNT of D19 rows is not a quantity — never read a change in it as an improvement or a regression.
  • D21 Naming Consistency: Naming quality is an LLM judgement over a bounded sample — it assesses clarity/consistency of the names it sees, not domain-correctness, and is advisory.
  • D26 Project Cohesion: Project focus is sized from members/namespaces per project — a project that is broad by deliberate design reads the same as one that has sprawled.
  • D28 Secrets (history): Secret-history scanning sweeps the git log for known patterns — a secret that predates the available history, or never matched a signature, is not found (clean means "nothing matched in the history we can see").
  • D29 Static Analysis (SAST): SAST findings are pattern-based (semgrep) — it finds classes of bug it has rules for; logic flaws, auth/authorization gaps and issues needing runtime context are out of reach (and clean means "no rule matched").
  • D30 Dependency Vulnerabilities: CVE matching depends on accurate package/version metadata and on the advisory databases — a vulnerability with no published advisory, or in code not declared as a dependency, is not seen. Coverage needs a RESOLVED graph: an unpinned requirements.txt, or a pom without a resolved build, yields partial coverage rather than a clean verdict. An ecosystem the analyzer cannot scan is reported as unmeasured, never as clean.
  • D31 IaC & Container Security: IaC scanning checks Dockerfiles/Terraform/Kubernetes against best-practice rules — it cannot see the live cloud account, runtime configuration, or drift between the committed config and what is actually deployed.
  • D34 Knowledge Freshness: Freshness is decayed commit RECENCY, not comprehension — code read often but rarely committed reads as orphaned, and stable code that genuinely needs no changes is penalised the same as forgotten code; bot/squash commits distort it like the bus factor.
  • D35 Change Coupling: Change coupling is co-change in COMMITS — files split across separate commits, or coupled only through a shared config/build step, read as uncoupled, and a sweeping commit (rename/format) is excluded so it doesn't couple everything. It shows that files change together, not WHY: a high coupling can be a healthy cohesive pair as readily as a hidden leak.
  • D43 Malicious Dependencies: Only packages some vulnerability database has already NAMED as malicious are seen — a compromise published in the last hours, or never reported at all, is invisible here, and this dimension reading 10 is not evidence that a dependency is trustworthy. There is no typosquat or dependency-confusion analysis: a package nobody has reported is simply absent from the feeds. Coverage is the dependency scan's: an ecosystem that could not be scanned is disclosed as unmeasured, never as clean.
  • D44 Platform End-of-Life: The support table is FROZEN, so it goes out of date by losing RECALL: a release that ended support after the table was written is missed until the table is refreshed, and this dimension reading 10 is not evidence that a platform is current. Only platforms the repository DECLARES in a place this pass reads are seen — a runtime named only in a Dockerfile (D31's subject), in a CI workflow (D29's), or in a file this pass does not parse (go.mod, a Gemfile ruby directive) is invisible here, which is why a repository declaring none of them abstains rather than scoring. Only frameworks with a PUBLISHED support policy are tracked: React, Flask and Express publish none, so their age cannot be judged and their absence from a report is not a statement that they are supported.
  • AX10 Code composition: Role is inferred from namespace/folder convention, not semantics — a domain concept living in a folder named "Services" reads as application, and the split is lines-of-code, not business value. The business-logic-share score is a SOFT, FLOORED signal: it contributes to the Architecture lens but is floored at the Critical gate, so an infrastructure-heavy design (a gateway, an ETL, a driver) is legitimately low without being nuked to zero.
  • M4 Documentation accuracy: Onboarding quality is an LLM read of the docs/setup present — it cannot run the onboarding or measure how long a real new joiner takes; the verdict is sampled and advisory.
  • P4 Deployment & Rollback: Approval/branch-protection rules live in repository settings the scan cannot see — only their in-repo evidence (config files, workflows) is checked, so a control enforced purely in the host's settings reads as "not evidenced".
  • P6 Release Hygiene: Rollback/observability controls are inferred from repo artefacts (pipelines, dashboards-as-code) — controls configured in external tooling, with no in-repo trace, cannot be credited.

The LLM boundary

LLM-set scores this run (4): D19, D21, D26, M4 (model: Local LLM). For these, a model reads a bounded sample and sets the numeric score; each names its own sample and method on its card. They are sampled and advisory by design: they vary at the margins between runs and are never a deterministic measurement. Every other score in this report is tool-computed at confidence 1.0.

Dimensions

D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity8.4 / 10Strong✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: How tangled the control flow is — methods with many branches are hard to test and change.

Method: Cyclomatic complexity per method (1 + decision points), computed exhaustively across production source; test projects separated by convention. Deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 8.4 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Prevented

7 method(s) exceeded the cyclomatic complexity threshold of 15; the worst was TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter at 42.

TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cyclomatic 42)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:179
InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 23)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala:116
CallSummaryStats.update (cyclomatic 20)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala:104
TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead (cyclomatic 17)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:448
VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cyclomatic 16)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala:73

+ 2 more group(s) — more in Appendix A; the complete list is findings.md.

What to do

  1. Bring the 1 body over 30 down to 30 or less in Cyclomatic Complexity — start with TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cyclomatic 42). — Refactoring it lifts Cyclomatic Complexity from 8.4 to about 8.7/10.
  2. Enforce Cyclomatic Complexity in CI to reach Verified (currently Documented). — Hardens enforcement from Documented toward Prevented — provenance only; does not change the score.

Detailed fixes: d1_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D2 · Cognitive Complexity6.9 / 10Adequate✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: How hard the code is for a person to follow, beyond raw branching.

Method: Cognitive complexity per method (Sonar-style nesting-penalized score), computed exhaustively over production code, excluding test projects. Deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 6.9 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Prevented

16 method(s) exceeded the cognitive complexity threshold of 15; the worst was TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter at 87.

TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cognitive 87)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:179
CallSummaryStats.update (cognitive 40)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala:104
InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cognitive 35)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala:116
VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cognitive 34)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala:73
VariantNormalizer.normalizeVariant (cognitive 28)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/VariantNormalizer.scala:55

+ 11 more group(s) — more in Appendix A; the complete list is findings.md.

What to do

  1. Bring the 1 body over 60 down to 60 or less in Cognitive Complexity — start with TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cognitive 87). — Refactoring it lifts Cognitive Complexity from 6.9 to about 7.3/10.
  2. Enforce Cognitive Complexity in CI to reach Verified (currently Documented). — Hardens enforcement from Documented toward Prevented — provenance only; does not change the score.

Detailed fixes: d2_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D3 · God Classes9.6 / 10Stronggated by 2 serious findings✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Over-large classes that try to do too much ("god classes").

Method: God-class detection by line and method-count thresholds per logical type (partial classes unified), filtered for generated code and registration/contract false positives. Deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 9.6 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Prevented

2 god class(es) detected.

TooManyMethods: VariantContextToInternalRowConverter · ×2core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala:50

What to do

  1. Resolve the 2 TooManyMethods finding(s) in God Classes — start with VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala, functions.scala. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (2 warning-level).
  2. Enforce God Classes in CI to reach Verified (currently Documented). — Hardens enforcement from Documented toward Prevented — provenance only; does not change the score.

Detailed fixes: d3_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D4 · Code Duplication9.8 / 10Stronggated by 9 serious findings✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Copy-pasted code that should be shared instead.

Method: Code duplication via token-stream sliding windows with type-aware normalization (locals masked, type names preserved), density-scored per KLoC of production code. Deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 9.8 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Verified

9 duplicated block group(s) detected.

Duplicated block (6 lines × 2) · ×2core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala:117
Duplicated block (9 lines × 2)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/LeftOverlapJoin.scala:55
Duplicated block (8 lines × 2)core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:260
Duplicated block (26 lines × 3)core/src/main/shim/3.4/SparkShim.scala:36
Duplicated block (27–30 lines × 2)python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py:261

+ 3 more group(s) — more in Appendix A; the complete list is findings.md.

What to do

  1. Resolve the 2 Duplicated block (6 lines × 2) finding(s) in Code Duplication — start with QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala, 9_compare_hail_to_glow.py. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (2 warning-level).
  2. Resolve the 1 Duplicated block (9 lines × 2) finding(s) in Code Duplication — start with LeftOverlapJoin.scala. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 warning-level).
  3. Resolve the 1 Duplicated block (8 lines × 2) finding(s) in Code Duplication — start with TabixIndexHelper.scala. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 warning-level).
  4. Enforce Code Duplication in CI to reach Verified (currently Documented). — Hardens enforcement from Documented toward Verified — provenance only; does not change the score.

Detailed fixes: d4_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D5 · Coupling10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether volatile projects sit underneath others that depend on them (so their churn ripples upward), and whether project dependencies form cycles. A widely-depended-on but stable shared/kernel project is healthy, not penalised.

Method: Dependency cycles via elementary-DFS over real .csproj references, plus Martin instability (afferent/efferent) per project. Exhaustive over the reference graph, deterministic.

Coverage: Exhaustive · type-level: afferent/efferent coupling + cycles computed over every production type — the population is all types, not a name convention.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Prevented

6 production modules (Python+sbt), 0 dependency cycle(s), 0 unstable depended-on module(s). Read from the build's own module declarations; a dependsOn spread (deps: _*) and a project whose directory a helper computes are not visible there; 0 module(s) off the main sequence, with abstractness counted on 3 of the 6 (the rest declare no modelled class or interface, export only macros, declare types in source no model reads, or have no source directory of their own).

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d5_recommendation.md.

D6 · Cohesion (LCOM4)9.1 / 10Stronggated by 2 serious findings✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether a class's methods are focused on a single responsibility.

Method: LCOM4 cohesion per production class with at least two methods: connected components of methods sharing state or calls, computed syntactically. Deterministic, not a proxy.

Coverage: Exhaustive · type-level: LCOM4 cohesion computed over every production class — the population is all types, not a name convention.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 9.1 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Verified

2 of 27 classes have LCOM4 above 3.

Low cohesion: InternalRowToVariantContextConverter (LCOM4 9) · ×2core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala:46

What to do

  1. Resolve the 2 Low cohesion finding(s) in Cohesion (LCOM4) — start with InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala, VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (2 warning-level).
  2. Enforce Cohesion (LCOM4) in CI to reach Verified (currently Documented). — Hardens enforcement from Documented toward Verified — provenance only; does not change the score.

Detailed fixes: d6_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D9 · Test Distribution10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether the test suite has a healthy mix of unit / integration / end-to-end tests.

Method: Test projects classified (Unit/Integration/BDD/E2E) from compiled metadata; test methods counted exhaustively across projects with placement-agnostic disk fallback. Deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

649 test methods: 649 unit, 0 integration, 0 BDD, 0 e2e. The Python suite contributes 154 test function(s) across 15 file(s) declaring at least one — every `def test…` in a file pytest or unittest would collect, which is those frameworks' own definition of a case; a parametrize table counts once, so this is a floor. Its tier split is read from file names and paths only. The Scala suite contributes 495 test case(s) across 42 file(s) in a test source set declaring at least one — every `test("…")`, `it("…")`, `property("…")` and `"…" in {…}` registration and every JUnit `@Test`, which is how munit, ScalaTest, utest, ZIO Test and specs2 declare a case; a case registered under a computed name is not counted, so this is a floor. Its tier split is INFERRED from paths and file names, except sbt's src/it source set, which the build declares.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d9_recommendation.md.

D12 · Dependency Hygiene9.8 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether dependencies are current, secure, and not bloated.

Method: Manifest scan via dotnet list package across all projects; worst-signal-per-package deduction (saturating for vulnerabilities, capped-linear for deprecation/outdated) per KLoC. Exhaustive, deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 9.8 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Verified

5 outdated direct sbt declarations. An sbt declaration names an EXACT version, so the remedy is an edit to the build file — there is no lockfile refresh that would move it. Test-, Provided- and it-scoped declarations are excluded, because a consumer of this project never receives them. A version held in a Scala val is read only when the val is one string literal: sbt is a program rather than a manifest, and evaluating a computed version would invent the measurement rather than take it. Whether any artifact is DEPRECATED or ABANDONED is not graded and cannot be — Maven Central publishes no such marker, and release age does not stand in for one: the most widely depended-upon libraries are routinely the stalest, being finished rather than abandoned. Known CVEs in this dependency graph are D30's question.

Outdated: com.github.broadinstitute:picard · ×5

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d12_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D13 · REDACTED Scanning10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

What it measures: Whether any secrets (keys, tokens, passwords) have leaked into the code.

Method: In-process native secret scanner (entropy plus signature patterns) across all tracked files; no external tool. A clean result is a measured 10, not no-data zero. Deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Prevented

REDACTED scan ran and found no leaked secrets.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d13_recommendation.md.

D14 · License Compliance10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

What it measures: Whether the licenses of third-party packages are compatible with your policy.

Method: Third-party package licenses resolved from declared package metadata and checked against the configured policy (allow/deny/copyleft). Deterministic; clean = no incompatible license found at metadata depth.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Verified

0 of 8 declared sbt dependency artifact(s) use a banned license. Licences were resolved from the POMs Maven Central publishes, over the production coordinates this repository's 2 sbt build file(s) (REDACTED and project/*.scala) declare with a literal version, directly or through a string-literal val — `%%` resolved to the Scala binary suffix Central publishes under, test-scoped declarations excluded — the same declaration-site closure this analysis reads for dependency currency. sbt has no lockfile a checkout carries, so this is deliberately NOT the transitive closure. 11 further production coordinate(s) are declared with a version the build computes rather than writes as a literal — sbt is a program, and this pass does not run it — and are NOT graded: this verdict covers what the build pins literally or through a string-literal val, not the full graph.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d14_recommendation.md.

D15 · Churn × Complexity Hotspots10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Files that change often and are also complex — the riskiest hotspots.

Method: Per production file churn times cyclomatic complexity over a rolling window, computed from git and Roslyn/JS/Razor analysis. Exhaustive, deterministic per commit date.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

No churn × complexity hotspots in the window.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d15_recommendation.md.

D16 · Bus Factor10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether knowledge is concentrated in too few people (the "bus factor").

Method: Living knowledge per author via time-decayed commit attribution (6-month half-life, focus weighting) across largest source files. Deterministic, avoids blame's mechanical-refactor false positives.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

No source file's living knowledge is concentrated in a single author. Counted over 61 of the 134 production source files in this repository: 56 are under the ~2,400-byte size floor this dimension measures over, and the remaining 17 have no attributable history left to measure.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d16_recommendation.md.

D17 · Explicit Debt9.9 / 10Stronggated by 12 serious findings✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Acknowledged debt left in the code — TODOs, dead code, suppressed warnings.

Method: Roslyn syntactic debt markers (suppressions/TODO/FIXME/HACK/empty-catch/commented-code/Obsolete) plus SymbolFinder dead-code analysis; weighted-debt-per-KLoC density deducted 2.0x per unit. Deterministic, exhaustive.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 9.9 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Prevented

12 deducted task-comment markers across 21583 LoC (0.1/KLoC) → score 9.9. Task comments only: this repository's language is read without a compiler, so D17's suppression, dead-code and commented-out-code arms did not run and this score counts fewer marker kinds than a .NET repository's would.

TodoComment · ×12core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/gff/GffDataSource.scala:154

What to do

  1. Resolve the 12 TodoComment finding(s) in Explicit Debt — start with NormalizeVariantsTransformer.scala (2), GffDataSource.scala, SqlExtensionProvider.scala. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (12 warning-level).
  2. Enforce Explicit Debt in CI to reach Verified (currently Documented). — Hardens enforcement from Documented toward Prevented — provenance only; does not change the score.

Detailed fixes: d17_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D19 · Documentation QualityStrong◐ Sampled · advisory

What it measures: Whether the project's documentation is clear, complete, and useful.

Method: Judged by language model at low temperature (0.0-0.1) on a deterministic doc sample (READMEs plus first 25 architecture docs), with two-pass stability filtering. Advisory, sampled.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective Strong / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

The repository's root README (README.md) is clear and well-structured: it introduces Glow as an open-source toolkit for large-scale genomic analysis, lists the documentation status badges, shows a quick start with building blocks to perform common analyses right away, and begins an architecture section before being clipped. The docs/ directory README is focused on publishing docs locally (conda environment + make livehtml), while REDACTED and test-data directories are READMEs of their own subdirectories, not the repository. A dedicated contributing document exists at docs/source/contributing.rst. This repository is well documented with a strong README and architecture/design docs. The READMEs are focused on the directory they describe (custom patches, Databricks environment, data simulation) rather than the project's overview; the root README covers installation, usage, contribution, and license. The main strength lies in the detailed data-simulation notebooks that explain how to define n_samples/n_variants and load VCF/genotypes into Delta Lake tables while citing the source files.

Documentation: no installation or build instructions · ×2docs/source/customizing/index.rst

What to do

  1. Resolve the 2 Documentation finding(s) in Documentation Quality — start with index.rst (2). — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (2 recommendation-level).

Detailed fixes: d19_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D21 · Naming ConsistencyExemplary◐ Sampled · advisory

What it measures: Whether names — types, methods, variables — are clear and consistent.

Method: Judged by language model at low temperature (0.0-0.1) on a deterministic random symbol sample (fixed size, not exhaustive), with disclosed confidence band. Advisory, sampled.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective Exemplary / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Verified

0 naming inconsistencies across 0 sampled symbols.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d21_recommendation.md.

D26 · Project Cohesion0.0 / 10Critical✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether each project is a focused, coherent unit rather than an oversized grab-bag.

Method: Project size overshoot penalties (LoC / public-type count / namespace count, 2-of-3 flag) weighted by log magnitude. Exhaustive across projects, deterministic, LLM-independent.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 0.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

1 of 2 build units (Python, sbt) flagged as possibly oversized/incoherent.

Projects may be oversized for their cohesion

What to do

  1. Resolve the 1 Projects may be oversized for their cohesion finding(s) in Project Cohesion. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 recommendation-level).

Detailed fixes: d26_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D28 · Secrets (history)9.0 / 10Adequategated by 1 critical finding✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether any secrets were ever committed — scanned across the full git history, not just now.

Method: REDACTED scan via TWO gitleaks detect passes in an isolated checkout — the full git history, then a second --no-git pass over the working tree as it stands — merged and de-duplicated by (rule, file, line); each match flagged High. Both invocations are recorded in the audit trail. Exhaustive; when the tool is absent, or when its output cannot be parsed into the expected shape, the dimension is WITHHELD as an explicit measurement gap on our side — unscored and excluded from the lens, never a hedged middling score.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 9.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

1 finding(s): 0 critical, 1 high, 0 medium, 0 low. Remediation for historically-committed secrets is credential rotation — they remain in history regardless of later deletion.

REDACTED
REDACTED

What to do

  1. Resolve the 1 REDACTED finding(s) in Secrets (history) — start with REDACTED. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 issue-level).
  2. Resolve the 1 Rotate the exposed credentials finding(s) in Secrets (history). — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 recommendation-level).

Detailed fixes: d28_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D29 · Static Analysis (SAST)0.6 / 10Critical✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Real static-analysis (SAST) findings — likely security bugs in the code, any language.

Method: Polyglot static analysis via semgrep across the repo using the pinned, image-baked p/security-audit + p/owasp-top-ten rulesets (no scan-time registry fetch); severity rules (ERROR/WARNING/INFO) map to a full-band severity-weighted score. Exhaustive, deterministic; degrades on parse failure.

Coverage: semgrep pattern rules over all files — exhaustive for the rule set, blind to classes of bug without a rule (clean = no rule matched).

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 0.6 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

51 finding(s): 0 critical, 48 high, 3 medium, 0 low. 33 unpinned-GitHub-Actions row(s) are reported here but scored by D36 (supply-chain provenance), which measures that posture as `pinned_actions` — one pinning decision is charged once, not once per lens. Separately, one or more rules could not re-parse an embedded snippet in 3 file(s) (e.g. a workflow `run:` block read as shell). Those files WERE scanned and their other rows are unaffected; only those rules' view of those snippets is missing.

REDACTED
REDACTED
REDACTED
REDACTED
REDACTED

+ 4 more group(s) — more in Appendix A; the complete list is findings.md.

What to do

  1. Resolve the 7 REDACTED finding(s) in Static Analysis (SAST) — start with REDACTED (3), REDACTED (2), REDACTED (2). — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (7 issue-level).
  2. Resolve the 4 REDACTED finding(s) in Static Analysis (SAST) — start with REDACTED (4). — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (4 issue-level).
  3. No action in Static Analysis (SAST) — all 33 REDACTED finding(s) are reported here at file:line but scored by D36 (supply-chain provenance), so none is charged to this dimension. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (33 issue-level, 0 of them charged here).

Detailed fixes: d29_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D30 · Dependency Vulnerabilities9.8 / 10Stronggated by 1 serious finding✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether any dependency has a known published vulnerability (CVE), direct or transitive, in ANY ecosystem the repository declares — Dart pub, Elixir and Erlang via Hex, Go modules, Java and Kotlin via Maven/Gradle, JavaScript/npm, .NET/NuGet, PHP/Composer, Python/PyPI, RubyGems, Rust/Cargo and Swift.

Method: Dependency-CVE scan across every ecosystem the repository declares, scored ONCE. Three sources are unioned and deduplicated by advisory identity (rule id + alias closure, CVE<->GHSA) scoped to package+version, keeping the worst severity: `osv-scanner --recursive` over osv.dev for Dart pub, Elixir/Hex (and Erlang, whose `rebar.lock` syft first converts to a CycloneDX SBOM the scanner reads, with rows attributed back to the lock), Go, Java and Kotlin via Maven/Gradle (and Scala, whose sbt build's pinned direct declarations are written into a CycloneDX SBOM the scanner reads, with rows attributed back to the build file), npm, PHP/Composer, Python/PyPI, RubyGems, Rust/Cargo and Swift; `trivy fs --scanners vuln` for npm lockfiles; and `dotnet list package --vulnerable --include-transitive` for NuGet (with per-advisory collapse of the project x target-framework fan-out), plus a DECLARED-dependency arm that resolves a published gem's gemspec against rubygems.org where no Gemfile.lock is committed. `SeverityScore(c,h,m,l, normalizer 8.0)`. NotApplicable only when NO ecosystem is readable; if any applicable ecosystem could not be scanned the findings are REPORTED and the score is withheld. Supersedes the npm and OSV arms, retired 2026-09-05.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 9.8 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

1 finding(s): 0 critical, 0 high, 1 medium, 0 low.

REDACTED

What to do

  1. Resolve the 1 Medium CVE finding(s) in Dependency Vulnerabilities — start with REDACTED. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 warning-level).

Detailed fixes: d30_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D31 · IaC & Container Security10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

What it measures: Whether Dockerfiles / Terraform / Kubernetes config follow security best practices.

Method: IaC/container misconfiguration scan via trivy config (Dockerfile/Terraform/K8s/Helm/CloudFormation); severity rules to 0-10 moderate normalizer. NotApplicable without manifests. Exhaustive, deterministic.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

trivy and checkov found no infrastructure-as-code or container misconfigurations.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d31_recommendation.md.

D34 · Knowledge Freshness0.3 / 10Critical✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether anyone still has living knowledge of each file, or it has been orphaned — last understood long ago by someone now gone quiet. The sibling of the bus factor: D16 asks who owns it, D34 asks whether anyone still knows it.

Method: File orphaning as total living-knowledge decay below one focused-commit's worth within a year, computed per-file from the D16 decay model. Exhaustive, deterministic over fixed history.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 0.3 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

76 of 78 significant source file(s) are orphaned — their living knowledge has decayed to nothing, so no one currently understands them. The largest is python/glow/functions.py. Counted over 78 of the 134 production source files in this repository: the rest are under the ~2,400-byte size floor this dimension measures over.

Orphaned file · ×73core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala:1
Most significant orphaned file · ×3python/glow/functions.py:1
Concentrated knowledge decay

What to do

  1. Resolve the 73 Orphaned file finding(s) in Knowledge Freshness — start with functions.py (2), InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala, VCFFileFormat.scala. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (73 recommendation-level).
  2. Resolve the 3 Most significant orphaned file finding(s) in Knowledge Freshness — start with functions.py, VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala, TabixIndexHelper.scala. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (3 recommendation-level).
  3. Resolve the 1 Concentrated knowledge decay finding(s) in Knowledge Freshness. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 recommendation-level).

Detailed fixes: d34_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D35 · Change Coupling10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether files that change together actually belong together — pairs that repeatedly co-change in git history despite having no explicit code dependency, surfacing the hidden/logical coupling (and boundaries in the wrong place) a static scan can't see.

Method: Pairwise co-occurrence over the per-commit file sets in git history (production source only — tests and generated dropped): Degree-of-Coupling = shared ÷ min individual revisions, reported above noise floors (each file ≥10 revisions, ≥5 shared commits, ≥50% strength); sweeping commits excluded. Deterministic over fixed history.

Coverage: Population: PRODUCTION source files only — test and generated files are dropped before pairing, so a class co-changing with its own test (trivially ~100%) can't drown the real production↔production coupling. Pairs ranked by Degree-of-Coupling. A non-source file is never a coupling PARTICIPANT either: documentation, schemas, config and data files are dropped with the rest, so a code↔docs pair — a command and the reference page that restates it — is not reported however strongly the two co-change; nor is coupling that runs THROUGH a build step or config file.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

No strong hidden change-coupling between production files.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d35_recommendation.md.

D36 · Supply-chain Provenance & Signing5.0 / 10Adequate✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether the build pipeline provides supply-chain integrity — generated provenance/attestation, signed artifacts (cosign/sigstore), an SBOM, and pinned build actions. Presence of the configuration, not a runtime guarantee.

Method: Supply-chain provenance/signing read deterministically from CI/build config (.github/workflows, .gitlab-ci.yml, azure-pipelines, Jenkinsfile, .circleci) + the release surface: four signals — generated provenance/attestation (SLSA/in-toto/actions-attest), artifact signing (cosign/sigstore/gitsign), an SBOM (syft/sbom-action/*.spdx.json/*.cdx.json), and SHA-pinned build actions — scored 10·present/denom. NotApplicable without a build pipeline. Detects configuration presence, not runtime enforcement.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 5.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

2/4 supply-chain integrity signals present (provenance, signing, SBOM, pinned actions).

REDACTED
REDACTED
REDACTED
REDACTED
REDACTED

What to do

  1. Resolve the 4 REDACTED finding(s) in Supply-chain Provenance & Signing — start with REDACTED, REDACTED, REDACTED. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (4 warning-level).
  2. Resolve the 2 REDACTED finding(s) in Supply-chain Provenance & Signing — start with REDACTED, REDACTED. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (2 warning-level).
  3. Resolve the 1 REDACTED finding(s) in Supply-chain Provenance & Signing. — One of this dimension's main actionable groups (1 warning-level).

Detailed fixes: d36_recommendation.md · top locations in Appendix A, every location in findings.md.

D43 · Malicious Dependencies10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether any dependency the repository declares is published as MALICIOUS rather than merely vulnerable — a package that is an attacker's work, in any ecosystem osv-scanner reads. Scored apart from D30 because the answer is binary: there is no safe version to upgrade to, and the fix is to remove the package and rotate every credential it could have read.

Method: The same dependency scan D30 reads, partitioned on the scanner's own classification rather than rescanned: a row is MALICIOUS when its id is in the `MAL-` space (the ossf/malicious-packages feed) OR its `database_specific.cwe_ids` carries `CWE-506` ("Embedded Malicious Code"). Both channels are structural; the summary text is deliberately NOT read, because a malicious-package record whose summary says only "Critical severity vulnerability" is a real shape ([GHSA redacted]) and a text matcher misses it. Scored BINARY: any surviving row is 0, whatever its severity and however many CVEs sit beside it — a hostile dependency is not a quantity. Applicability and degradation are D30's: NotApplicable only when no ecosystem is readable, and an unscannable ecosystem degrades rather than reading clean. SCORED, not informational.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

No dependency in any ecosystem this repository declares is published as malicious.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d43_recommendation.md.

D44 · Platform End-of-Life10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

What it measures: Whether anyone still ships security patches for the platform this repository RUNS ON — the runtime it pins and the framework majors its own constraints hold it to. Separate from D12 because the question differs: a current Django on an end-of-life Python is perfectly up to date and completely unsupported, and the fix is a migration rather than a version bump. What the repository says it merely SUPPORTS is never charged.

Method: End-of-life PLATFORM read from the repository's own declarations and graded against a FROZEN, dated table of vendor support dates — no network, no feed, no API, so this dimension answers identically inside a closed scan fence. Two subjects: a RUNTIME the project pins (a single or all-end-of-life TargetFramework, a .nvmrc or .python-version, a requires-python CAP) and a FRAMEWORK major a dependency constraint cannot move off (a caret, tilde or exact version; `vue@^2.7.16` pins Vue 2). A FLOOR is deliberately never charged — `requires-python = ">=3.8"` states what a package SUPPORTS, not what it runs on — and a multi-target project is charged only when EVERY target is out of support. Runtime 4.0/product capped 8.0, framework 1.5 capped 4.5. The table is safe to freeze because a statement about support that ended in the past cannot become false: it loses recall as it ages, never precision, and a test asserts every entry predates the freeze date. Disjoint from D31 (a container image's OS layer) and D29 (the toolchain a CI workflow installs). Abstains when the repository declares no platform this pass reads — never scores it clean.

Maturity: Documented → Verified → Prevented · effective 10.0 / 10 · rule-coverage 100% · ceiling Documented

0 end-of-life runtime(s) and 0 end-of-life framework(s), read from 0 platform declaration(s) and 7 dependency declaration(s). This dimension reads what the repository says about ITSELF — a pinned target framework, a version file, a capped requires-python, a Rust toolchain pin, a framework major a constraint cannot move off. A FLOOR is deliberately never charged: `requires-python = ">=3.8"` states what the package SUPPORTS, not what it runs on, and a well-maintained library declares exactly that while running its own CI on a current release. The end-of-life facts are FROZEN and dated, so this dimension needs no network and answers identically inside a closed scan fence; as the table ages it loses recall and never precision, because a statement about support that ended in the past cannot become false. The OS layer of a container image is D31's question and the toolchain a CI workflow installs is D29's; this row is neither.

✓ On the Gold path — maintain.

Detailed fixes: d44_recommendation.md.

Frontend & cross-cutting dimensions

R = React/JS · M = Maturity · P = Readiness.

AX10 · Code composition10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

Other · Architecture — How the codebase splits by code ROLE — domain, application, infrastructure, test, generated. The significance map behind the knowledge/coupling weighting, and a DDD signal in its own right: a thin domain core under fat infrastructure is the anemic-domain smell, quantified. How each file's role is decided, because the split is only as good as that: a generated name or a build-output tree makes it Generated, a test project makes it Test, and otherwise the file's NAMESPACE and PATH words are matched against fixed vocabularies in a fixed ORDER — domain, then infrastructure, then application — so a file whose words hit two layers is counted under the earlier one. A production file matching none of them counts as application, so that share reads 'application or unclassified' rather than a measured application layer. Roles come from naming convention, never from what the code does. On this repository the split was taken from the source tree on disk rather than from a loaded .NET workspace, so a file's role is decided by its PATH segments alone — no declared namespace was available to add to the evidence — and generated output is excluded from the census entirely rather than counted as a generated share.

Method: Roslyn line-count by code ROLE: every source file classified Domain/Application/Infrastructure/Test/Generated by namespace + path convention (the shared CodeRoleClassifier), then significant lines summed per role. Deterministic; the advisory score is the business-logic (domain+application) share of production code.

Coverage: Population: ALL source files, each bucketed into ONE of five roles (Domain/Application/Infrastructure/Test/Generated) by namespace + path convention — a file whose layer isn't named in the convention falls to Application (the neutral default), and the split is line-count, not semantic depth or business value.

What to do

  • The domain core is a small share of production code, but most of the rest matched no layer vocabulary at all — so this is not yet an anemic-domain finding. The namespace/path convention could not place that code, which makes the composition above a statement about the naming, not about the design. Name the layers (or check that the repository's conventions differ from the ones this check knows) before reading a thin domain into it.
AX3 · Project dependency cycles10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

Other · Architecture — Whether the project-reference graph is acyclic (cycles block independent build/deploy and signal eroding boundaries).

Method: Project reference cycles via elementary-DFS over real .csproj references, using the engine shared with D5/D7; cyclic versus acyclic. Exhaustive, deterministic.

AX4 · Dependency direction10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

Other · Architecture — Whether dependencies point inward (Domain ← Application ← Infrastructure/Web) — the clean-architecture dependency rule, checked across the project graph.

Method: Layer violations by name-segment inference (Domain/Core to Application to Infrastructure/Web) over the project-reference graph. Exhaustive over all projects, deterministic.

AX6 · Interface segregation10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

Other · Architecture — Whether interfaces stay focused rather than fat — the Interface-Segregation principle (SOLID 'I').

Method: Roslyn scan: public interface declared-member counts (accessors fold into their property/event); fat-interface threshold (over 15 declared members) flagged per type. Each finding also reports the distinct-OPERATION count — members counted by name, so an overload group counts once — which decides whether it states the caller-side ISP harm or the implementer-side burden of an overload set. TypeScript: exported interfaces that declare behaviour, counted over their REQUIRED operations (method signatures and function-typed properties with no `?`, once per signature) — data-shape interfaces and ambient .d.ts declarations are outside the population; JavaScript declares no interfaces and is not applicable. Deterministic, type-level.

GD1 · Unfinished & placeholder code10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Unreviewed-generation residue in this repository's Scala: methods whose whole body is still `???` or a "not implemented" throw where nothing overrides them, and placeholder text (lorem ipsum, changeme/replace_me…) left in strings of non-test, non-generated code. Scored as a quality signature, never as a claim about authorship.

Method: Roslyn syntax scan: NotImplementedException throws and placeholder string literals in non-test, non-generated shipped code. Deterministic, code-shape signature.

IC1 · Incompleteness & stubs10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Unfinished work detected by code SHAPE, not keywords, in this repository's Scala: methods whose body is `???` or only throws a "not implemented" error, methods that take inputs and return a constant or do nothing, dead `if (false)` branches, and skeleton classes most of whose methods are holes.

Method: Roslyn syntax scan: incompleteness by code shape (constant-returning methods, async-never-await, #if false branches, guards that return what the code already falls through to, tests an earlier guard already decided, comparisons against NaN, skeleton types), not keyword-gated. Deterministic, code-shape heuristic.

  • A bare `// scalastyle:off`, `// scalafix:off` or `@nowarn` (or Wartremover's `warts.All`) switches every rule or warning off — hidden debt. Suppress the specific rule on the specific line, with a justification, instead. (×3) — core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenRowToInternalRowConverter.scala:80, core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/functions.scala:25, core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/util/LeveneHaldane.scala:25

What to do

  • Clear the softer debt: re-enable or delete `ignore`d and `pending` tests, decide whether each empty method or UnsupportedOperationException is deliberate (and say so in a comment), and replace a bare `// scalastyle:off` or `@nowarn` with targeted, justified suppressions.
M1 · Documentation (README)7.3 / 10Strong✓ Tool-verified

Maturity · Maturity — Whether the repo and its projects have a README, and whether it's substantive and current.

Method: Filesystem scan: README presence, word count, and headings for depth; git history for staleness. Exhaustive across root and project dirs, deterministic.

What to do

  • Add an 'Architecture' / 'How it works' section to the root README — the high-level shape.
M2 · Architecture documentation5.0 / 10Adequate✓ Tool-verified

Maturity · Maturity — Whether key decisions (ADRs) and the high-level shape (C4/diagrams) are written down.

Method: Filesystem scan: ADR folder/naming conventions or content, plus Mermaid/PlantUML/C4/architecture.md discovery. Exhaustive, deterministic.

  • No Architecture Decision Records found — no conventional ADR directory, no numbered `NNNN-title` documents in any markup this check reads, and nothing ADR-shaped by content. Design rationale recorded elsewhere (a design-notes tree, a mailing list, pull-request discussion) is not visible to this check and is not re-findable per decision, so a future maintainer cannot ask why one choice was made and get an answer.

What to do

  • Record your significant design decisions. Write one short document per decision, giving its date, the situation, the decision and its consequences, and keep them together with your other design documents. A docs/adr folder with each file named by number and title is the easiest place to find them.
M3 · Folder & project structure10.0 / 10Exemplary✓ Tool-verified

Maturity · Maturity — Whether the repo is organised deliberately — src/test separation and consistent project naming.

Method: Filesystem scan: src/test folder separation and namespace-prefix consistency (majority RootNamespace agreement). Exhaustive across projects, deterministic.

M4 · Documentation accuracy10.0 / 10Exemplary◐ Sampled · advisory

Maturity · Maturity — Whether the README actually describes the code that exists (LLM-judged, advisory).

Method: Judged by language model at low temperature: README accuracy versus actual projects, within a disclosed tolerance. Advisory, not a measured number.

P1 · CI/CD gates10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Readiness · Readiness — Whether an automated pipeline builds and tests every change.

Method: Filesystem scan: CI workflow files (.github/workflows, .gitlab-ci.yml, etc.) for build and test stages. Exhaustive, deterministic.

P10 · Library API & versioning6.0 / 10Adequate✓ Tool-verified

Readiness · Readiness — For a library: a deliberate (small) public API surface and explicit semantic versioning so consumers can depend on it safely.

Method: Roslyn scan: public API surface area and semantic-versioning markers (SemVer attributes, changelog entries) for libraries; off .NET, a library is the ecosystem's publication act (an npm package that is not private and names an entry point, a PyPI distribution with a build system, a Rust library crate, a Maven/Gradle module that publishes, a Go module with no package main, a gemspec, a Composer library, a SwiftPM library product, a pub.dev or Hex package), its surface is the share of types the language model records as public (Rust, Swift, Java, Kotlin, Go, Dart; not measured where the model records no type visibility or, as in TypeScript, only module-level export), and its version is read from the manifest, a semver CHANGELOG, release tooling or semver git tags. Exhaustive, deterministic.

What to do

  • Keep implementation types off the public surface (Java: package-private (no modifier), or leave its package out of `module-info` exports) — even for a small library, every public type is a stability contract.
P2 · Observability5.0 / 10Adequate✓ Tool-verified

Readiness · Readiness — Whether the code is diagnosable in production — structured logging, tracing/metrics, health checks.

Method: Filesystem/Roslyn scan: structured-logging frameworks (Serilog, NLog), OpenTelemetry, and health-check endpoint patterns. Exhaustive, deterministic.

  • Only 1/3 runnable modules use logging (modules with no entry point or server are excluded — they are libraries a runnable module hosts). Silent: `.`, `python`.

What to do

  • Extend structured logging to the remaining runnable modules so everything you run is diagnosable in production.
P3 · Security & performance tooling6.0 / 10Adequate✓ Tool-verified

Readiness · Readiness — Whether SAST, secret/dependency scanning and performance benchmarking are wired in (presence, not runtime).

Method: Filesystem scan: SAST configuration, dependency-update automation, secret scanning, and a benchmark harness or benchmark step — in this repository's own ecosystem. Exhaustive, deterministic.

What to do

  • Your ecosystem's static analyzer is declared as a dependency but is not wired into CI — run it as a required step on push/PR (e.g. `composer phpstan` / `mix sobelow` / `bundle exec brakeman` / the spotbugs Gradle task / `sbt scalafixAll --check` / `golangci-lint run` / `rebar3 lint`) so a regression fails the build instead of relying on someone running it locally.
  • Dependabot is configured but does not watch `github-actions` — add that `package-ecosystem` entry to REDACTED so those dependencies get the same automatic update and advisory pressure as the ones it already covers.
  • Add gitleaks/trufflehog in CI to block PRs that introduce committed secrets.
P4 · Deployment & Rollback7.0 / 10Strong✓ Tool-verified

Readiness · Readiness — Whether releases are automated and safely reversible (probes, rolling updates, approval gates) — from manifests/pipeline files, not the live environment.

Method: Filesystem scan: deployment manifests/IaC (K8s YAML, Helm, Terraform) for rolling updates, probes, approval gates, migration hooks. Exhaustive, deterministic.

P6 · Release Hygiene5.0 / 10Adequate✓ Tool-verified

Readiness · Readiness — Whether releases are traceable — a maintained changelog and explicit version stamping.

Method: Filesystem scan: changelog file presence and version tags in csproj or git tags. Exhaustive, deterministic.

  • No CHANGELOG/HISTORY/RELEASES file — what shipped when isn't easy to reconstruct for support or audit. (Versioning/tagging makes releases traceable, but a changelog records the what.)

What to do

  • Keep a changelog (e.g. Keep-a-Changelog) recording what shipped in each release.
X1 · Async correctness10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether the code avoids sync-over-async (deadlock-prone blocking on tasks) and async void.

Method: Roslyn syntax scan: async methods scanned for .Wait()/.GetAwaiter().GetResult() and async-void outside event handlers. Deterministic, hard fact per invocation.

X12 · Unreachable branch10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether any branch is dead by construction — a switch arm whose label can never equal a case-normalised subject, or an `else if` whose predicate the arm above has already swallowed.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: switch labels compared against the subject's own case normaliser, and if/else-if chains checked for a literal an earlier arm's containment test already swallows. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X13 · Undrained process stream10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a child process that has BOTH standard streams redirected drains both — reading one to the end while the other is never read deadlocks once the child fills the unread pipe.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: ProcessStartInfo launches with both streams redirected, checked for a drain of each stream across the enclosing type. On a repository with no .NET source it reads JavaScript/TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (test, vendored and minified paths not) with the same rule: a `spawn` imported from `child_process` whose stdout and stderr are both pipes (no options, no `stdio`, or `stdio` of `'pipe'`), bound to a local that never leaves its scope, where exactly one of the two streams is read, the other never, and the child’s `close`/`exit` (or the read stream’s end) is awaited; a shell redirect in the call’s arguments or a `kill` of the child suppresses it. The same rule reads Python’s `subprocess.Popen`, Dart’s `Process.start`, Ruby’s `Open3.popen3`, and Scala’s JDK process starts (`new ProcessBuilder(…).start()` with no `redirectErrorStream`/`redirectError`/`redirectOutput`/`inheritIO`, `Runtime.getRuntime.exec`) where one of `getInputStream`/`getErrorStream` is read and the other never while `waitFor()` is called or the read stream is read to its end. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X14 · Bypassable address classification10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Security — Whether a hand-rolled public/private IP check can be walked past — a method that unwraps IPv4-mapped IPv6 but returns the opposite verdict for the same host written as IPv4-compatible, 6to4 or NAT64.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: methods that unwrap IPv4-mapped IPv6 and hand-roll IPv4 range carve-outs, checked for whether the IPv6 branch also accounts for the IPv4-compatible, 6to4 and NAT64 embeddings. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X15 · Unvalidated length from an untrusted reader2.7 / 10Weak✓ Tool-verified

Other · Security — Whether a length read out of the stream being parsed is bounded before it is allocated or read — an unchecked count taken from the input lets the input choose the allocation.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: integer lengths read from a BinaryReader and spent on a bulk read or an array allocation, checked for any comparison or bounding call on the value anywhere in the method. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

  • `genotypesLen` is read from the bytes being parsed at line 45 (`readInt`), then used to size a `new Array[Byte]` at line 46 — and nowhere in its scope is `genotypesLen` bounded from above — compared to a limit, clamped, or checked against the input that remains (a zero or sign test, or the loop that counts up to it, bounds nothing). Whoever wrote those bytes therefore chooses the allocation directly: a 32-bit length asks for up to 2 GiB before a single byte of the payload is known to exist, which either exhausts the heap with an `OutOfMemoryError` or, negative, throws `NegativeArraySizeException` out of a parser whose failure path was written for malformed input, not for hostile input. Bound `genotypesLen` against the bytes actually remaining and a maximum the format allows before allocating. — core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenGenotypeReader.scala:46
  • `decompressedGenotypesLen` is read from the bytes being parsed at line 55 (`readInt`), then used to size a `new Array[Byte]` at line 57 — and nowhere in its scope is `decompressedGenotypesLen` bounded from above — compared to a limit, clamped, or checked against the input that remains (a zero or sign test, or the loop that counts up to it, bounds nothing). Whoever wrote those bytes therefore chooses the allocation directly: a 32-bit length asks for up to 2 GiB before a single byte of the payload is known to exist, which either exhausts the heap with an `OutOfMemoryError` or, negative, throws `NegativeArraySizeException` out of a parser whose failure path was written for malformed input, not for hostile input. Bound `decompressedGenotypesLen` against the bytes actually remaining and a maximum the format allows before allocating. — core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenGenotypeReader.scala:57

What to do

  • Each finding names the read that takes the length from the input and the site that spends it, and states that the value is never compared in between. Confirm from the two, then bound the length against the remaining stream before using it.
X16 · Unfloored truncation loop10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a loop that shortens a string until it fits a length budget has a floor — one with none grinds the value down to the empty string, or past it into a negative-length `Substring`.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: while/do loops whose body's only effect on a string is to drop its last character, checked for whether anything — a direct comparison on the length, a body guard, a break — bounds that length below. On a repository with no .NET source it reads JavaScript/TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (test, vendored and minified paths not) with the same rule: a `while`/`do` loop whose body’s one assignment to a value is `x = x.slice(0, -1)` or `x = x.slice|substring|substr(0, x.length - 1)`, driven by a condition that reads `x.length` only as a term of a larger expression — never compared directly, never tested for truthiness, and with no other read of `x` — and whose body has no `break`, `return`, `throw` or `if` naming `x`. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X17 · Uncapped recursion over a caller-supplied document10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Security — Whether a walk that recurses through a JSON/XML tree handed in by its caller bounds how deep it will go — an uncapped walk lets the document's nesting choose the stack depth, and the resulting StackOverflowException cannot be caught.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: methods that take a JSON/XML document node and call themselves with a child of it, reachable from an externally-callable member of the same type that accepts a document, checked for any depth parameter, descent counter or threaded arithmetic anywhere in the walk. On a repository with no .NET source it reads TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (test, vendored, generated and minified paths and `.d.ts` not) with the same rule: a function or method with a parameter typed as a document value — `unknown`, `any`, `object`, `Record<string, unknown|any>`, a JSON alias (`JsonValue`, `JSONObject`, …) or a DOM node global the file does not rebind — that calls itself (bare, or through `this` for a method, or hands itself to a call over the value as in `value.map(walk)`) with something it took out of that value and never through an ancestor accessor such as `closest()` or `parentElement`, that is exported or reached from an exported function (a public method of the same exported class) taking such a value, and that names no depth, level, nesting, recursion, remaining or budget anywhere and threads no `+`/`-` arithmetic through a self-call. Plain JavaScript is not read: with no annotation nothing tells a parsed document from a tree the code built itself. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X18 · Disposal-pattern correctness10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a type's disposal matches what it OWNS — releasing what it created, leaving alone what it was handed, and not declaring a finalizer for state that has nothing unmanaged to finalize.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: every assignment to a disposable field is read to decide whether the type CREATED the value or was handed it, and the type's disposal is checked against that answer — an injected interface it disposes, a value it constructed and never releases, a finalizer on a type holding nothing unmanaged, and a disposable local whose every reference is a plain member read. A value handed to a container that disposes its contents (a parent control's `Controls` collection, a component `IContainer`) is released by that container and is not reported; generated code is out of population. On a repository with no .NET source the same ownership questions are read in JavaScript/TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (test, vendored, generated and minified paths not): a class declaring `dispose()`, `[Symbol.dispose]()` or `[Symbol.asyncDispose]()` that disposes a field it was handed through a constructor parameter typed as a repository interface or resolved by a dependency-injection container; that assigns a field only ever from `new X(…)` of a disposable class and neither releases it anywhere in the class nor names it in its disposal member or a method that member calls, nor hands it to anything else; and a `const`/`let` local built from literals only whose every reference opens a statement operating on a non-release member of it. A class is disposable when every repository declaration of its name declares or inherits a disposal member, or when it is a documented library disposable (`vscode` EventEmitter, CancellationTokenSource and Disposable; three.js geometries, materials, textures, render targets, renderers, controls and composers). The finalizer arm has no JavaScript counterpart: a class cannot declare one. Dart is read for the owned-and-never-released arm: a Flutter `State` (or a class declaring `dispose()`/`close()`) whose library-private field is written only with direct creations of a framework controller, `FocusNode`, `StreamController` or periodic `Timer` (or a `.listen(…)` into a field declared `StreamSubscription`), which nothing in the class or its library releases (`dispose`/`close`/`cancel`) and which is never handed on except as a named argument. Ruby is read for the owned-and-never-released arm and the abandoned-local arm: a class declaring an instance `close`, `dispose`, `shutdown`, `stop`, `disconnect` or `terminate` whose instance variable is written only with a blockless core descriptor creation (`File.open`/`new`, `Tempfile`, `Dir.open`, `IO.popen`, the `socket` and `openssl` socket classes) that no method of the class closes and that is never handed on (passed, returned, stored, exposed by `attr_reader`, delegated) — a class whose superclass or mixin lies outside the repository is not judged — and a blockless creation read through and dropped (`File.open(path).read`) or held in a local that is never closed, returned, passed or stored (a `&:read` block-pass, an `autoclose: false` borrow and a `fileno` hand-over are not abandonment). PHP is read for the same two arms: a class (not a trait, and not one using a trait) declaring an instance `close`, `dispose`, `shutdown`, `stop`, `disconnect` or `terminate` whose `private` property (or a `final` class's `protected` one) is written only with a direct core `fopen`, `tmpfile`, `popen`, `proc_open`, `fsockopen`, `stream_socket_client`/`server` or `opendir` that nothing in the class closes (`fclose`, `pclose`, `closedir`, `unset`, a reset to `null`) and that is never handed on, and a handle held in a function's local, or read through as the argument of a reader, that is never closed, returned, passed, captured or stored; a `php://` stream, `curl_init`, `SplFileObject`, `PDO` and a function the repository declares under the core name are not read. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X19 · Unrestored process-global state10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a method that temporarily changes state belonging to the whole process — the working directory, an environment variable — puts it back on EVERY path: a restore reached only when nothing throws leaks the change to the rest of the process.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: method bodies that write the process working directory or an environment variable and write it back in the same body, checked for whether that restore sits in a `finally`/`catch` or only on the straight-line path. On a repository with no .NET source the same rule reads production JavaScript/TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (test, vendored and minified paths not): `process.chdir`, `process.env.NAME =`/`["NAME"] =` and `delete process.env.NAME`, and Deno’s `Deno.chdir`/`Deno.env.set`/`Deno.env.delete`, paired per function body (a nested function or arrow is its own body, and module top-level code is none), where the last write puts back a local the body captured from the same global or deletes a variable the first write set, with at least one statement between them; a write in a `catch`/`finally` of that body silences it. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X20 · Mistyped argument guard10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether an argument guard throws the exception its own condition describes — a guard that rejects a value for being EMPTY and reports it as `NullPointerException` (Java, Kotlin, Scala), `ArgumentError.notNull` (Dart) or `ArgumentNullException` (F#'s `nullArg`) tells the caller a parameter was null when it provably was not.

Method: Roslyn syntax: `throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(p))` statements controlled by an `if`, whose condition is read for a test that is true of a NON-null `p` — an emptiness test that dereferences it (`p.Count == 0`, `!p.Any()`) or a BCL predicate documented true of the empty value (`string.IsNullOrEmpty(p)`). Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X21 · Side-effecting pattern guard10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a `when` guard is free of side effects — a guard that increments a counter or assigns while deciding whether its arm matches applies that change during PATTERN MATCHING, on an arm that may not be selected, and skips it entirely when a short-circuit to its left answers first.

Method: Roslyn syntax: `when` guards on case labels and switch-expression arms, read for a mutation (`++`/`--`/assignment) sitting in a position the guard's own `&&`/`||`/`??`/`?:`/`?.` can skip. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X22 · Contradicted release guard10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a method that TAKES a lock or semaphore and gives it back from a flag-guarded `finally` returns the value that flag implies — reporting success while the guard hands the primitive back admits a second caller the exclusion was there to keep out, and reporting failure while the guard keeps it leaves nothing to ever give it back.

Method: Roslyn syntax: `try` statements whose `finally` releases a synchronisation primitive under a bare local-bool guard, where the method also TOOK that same primitive before the `try`, checked for a `return` of a bool literal whose value disagrees with the flag state the method's own straight-line assignments put it in. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X23 · Unguarded diagnostic materialisation10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether the work a diagnostic log line costs is paid only when that line is wanted — C# evaluates a call's arguments BEFORE the call, so a trace/debug message joined or projected out of a collection is built in full on every pass, and then discarded by a sink the shipped configuration leaves switched off.

Method: Roslyn syntax: log calls at a diagnostic level (a `Log`-prefixed method naming Trace/Debug/Verbose, or a bare `Debug`/`Trace`/`Verbose` on a receiver named for a logger), whose argument list is read for a call whose cost scales with a sequence — a LINQ operator, a materialisation, `string.Join`, a serializer — with no enclosing level check or conditional-compilation region. On a repository with no .NET source it reads JavaScript/TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (test, vendored and minified paths not) with the same rule: a `debug`/`trace`/`verbose` call on a receiver named for a logger, or a `log`-prefixed method naming the level, whose argument calls an array operator (`map`/`filter`/`reduce`/`sort`/…), `Array.from`, `Object.keys/values/entries`, `JSON.stringify`/`util.inspect` over anything but a literal, or an array `join` — outside any arrow or function passed as an argument, which the logger calls only when the level is on — with no enclosing `if`, `&&` or `?:` whose condition names a level, a level string, or the `NODE_ENV`/`__DEV__`/`DEV` build switch. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X24 · Document value interpolated into markup unescaped10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Security — Whether text read out of the document being converted is escaped before it is written into generated markup — a value the document's author chose, interpolated into an attribute the surrounding literal delimits, can close that attribute and open another.

Method: Roslyn semantic model over the whole compilation: a string-typed `Value`/`InnerText`/`InnerXml`/`Text` member declared inside `DocumentFormat.OpenXml` or `System.Xml` is a taint SOURCE, propagated through assignments, returns, arguments, tuple elements and string composition to its transitive closure, then read at interpolated-string holes that sit in a markup position the surrounding literal itself delimits. Escaper/encoder calls and enclosing validator conditions cut the flow. Flow- and container-insensitive by construction. A second arm needs no provenance at all and reports a type that CONTRADICTS ITSELF — the same expression escaped at one delimited markup hole and interpolated raw at another hole in the same markup position of the same type, which the type's own escaping proves is a defect without knowing where the value came from. On a repository with no .NET source it reads JavaScript/TypeScript off the token stream with the same rule: a DOM read of raw document text (`getAttribute`, `textContent`, `innerText`, `nodeValue`) is the source, propagated through local bindings and string composition, and judged at template-literal and concatenation holes in the same two delimited markup positions; escapers and validating conditions cut it, and documentation-site, test, vendored and minified scripts are not read. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X25 · Inert configuration knob10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a value the caller is invited to supply is the value the type actually uses — a constructor parameter stored in a private field that nothing ever reads while the default it was given is spelled out a second time at the site that should have read it, a keyed lookup that falls back to a different setting than the one its key names while the same type falls back to the matching one for that same key, or a culture-sensitive parse given no format provider by a type that feeds its own settable culture to the same kind of parse elsewhere, or a number an entry point writes to standard output under the host's culture while the same entry point formats with the invariant culture elsewhere. Either way, every caller who supplies a value silently gets something else.

Method: Roslyn syntax: private instance fields of a non-partial type assigned in a constructor from one of its own parameters with a `??` fallback, checked for whether anything in the type body reads the field and whether that same fallback expression is spelled out again outside the constructor; and `??` fallbacks onto a member access from a lookup call carrying exactly one string literal, grouped by that key across the type and checked for a fallback member whose folded name disagrees with the key while a sibling site for the same key agrees with it. On a repository with no .NET source the first two arms read JavaScript/TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (tests included, bundles and vendored paths not): a `#x`, `private` or `private` parameter-property instance field filled in the constructor from a parameter (or one member of one) through `??`/`||` or a parameter default, never read anywhere in the file by name, whose constructed default is spelled again in the class body; and `lookup("key") ?? s.member` grouped by key per class, or per module outside every class. The culture arm has no JavaScript counterpart: its parses take no locale. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X26 · Unsynchronised callback handoff10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a value handed from a callback to the body that waits on it crosses on something built to be crossed — a `Queue<T>`/`List<T>`/`Dictionary<K,V>` written inside an event handler and read back outside it is mutated by two flows at once, and the semaphore or completion source beside it orders how MANY items exist while leaving the collection's own head, tail and backing array unprotected.

Method: Roslyn syntax: method, accessor, local-function and lambda bodies that declare BOTH a non-thread-safe generic collection (`Queue`/`Stack`/`List`/`Dictionary`/`HashSet`/`Sorted*`/`LinkedList`) and a synchronisation primitive (`SemaphoreSlim`/`TaskCompletionSource`/`ManualResetEvent(Slim)`/`AutoResetEvent`/`CountdownEvent`) as locals, then read for a `+=`-registered lambda that raises that primitive while the body outside every lambda waits on it — and, in that scope, a mutating call on the collection inside the lambda paired with a mention of it outside. Any `lock` in the scope abstains it. On a repository with no .NET source the same handoff is read in Java off the engine’s own token stream (test source sets, vendored and demonstration paths not): an `ArrayList`/`LinkedList`/`ArrayDeque`/`PriorityQueue`/`Hash*`/`LinkedHash*`/`Tree*` local and a `CountDownLatch`/`Semaphore`/`CompletableFuture` local, a lambda or anonymous class that raises the primitive and mutates the collection, and a wait outside it; any `synchronized` or `lock()` abstains the body. Because each of those primitives orders what the callback wrote before raising it, only a touch that provably overlaps the callback is convicted: one after the registration and before the next wait, or one in a loop registered-before, waiting on every pass and not declaring the collection. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X27 · Collection changed while being enumerated10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether an enhanced `for` leaves the collection it is walking alone — a body that adds to or removes from the very collection the loop is iterating invalidates the fail-fast iterator it is holding, so the next `next()` throws `ConcurrentModificationException` and the remaining elements are never seen. Whether a `for` loop leaves the `dict`, `set` or `deque` it is walking alone — CPython's iterators over those check that the collection has not changed size since the loop began, so a body that removes from (or empties) the very collection the loop is walking makes the next step raise `RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration` and the remaining items are never seen. Whether a `for` comprehension or `foreach` leaves the mutable collection it is walking alone — an `ArrayBuffer` or `ListBuffer` counts its changes and its iterator checks the count, an `ArrayDeque` (and `mutable.Queue`/`mutable.Stack`) is walked by index up to its starting length, and a `java.util` collection walked through `asScala` is fail-fast, so a body that adds to or removes from the very collection the loop is walking makes a later step throw `ConcurrentModificationException` (`IndexOutOfBoundsException` for a deque) and the remaining elements are never seen.

Method: Roslyn syntax + semantics: `foreach` statements whose body calls a structural mutator (`Add`/`Remove`/`Clear`/`Insert`/…) on the very expression the loop is enumerating. Two arms. ARM A — the source is a concrete fragile BCL collection, or a live `Keys`/`Values` view over one, and the mutator resolves to that same collection's own member; concurrent and immutable collections and arrays are outside the population by construction, since their enumerators survive a structural change. ARM B — the source is an argument-less accessor CALL on a receiver whose body is in source: the accessor must return a stored field VERBATIM and a sibling member must structurally change that same field, both read off the implementations rather than from the members' names. A mutation the loop provably exits immediately after (`break`/`return`/`throw`/`goto`), or one written inside a nested loop or a lambda, is counted and never reported. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X28 · Index access outside its own emptiness guard10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a condition that tests a value for emptiness indexes that same value only where the test holds — an `||` written one parenthesis too far to the left leaves an index access outside the guard beside it, so the empty case the guard exists to anticipate reaches the index and throws.

Method: Roslyn syntax only, no semantic model: the OUTERMOST `&&`/`||` of every boolean condition, read for a symbol the condition tests for emptiness (`string.IsNullOrEmpty`/`IsNullOrWhiteSpace`, a `Length`/`Count` comparison against a literal, `Any()`, a `Length`/`Count` pattern, or a comparison against `""`) and ALSO indexes. Each `symbol[...]` access is placed by a boolean-reachability walk from the access up to the outermost connective: an access is COVERED when some enclosing step has it in the right operand and the left operand, under the truth value that step forces, proves the symbol non-empty — a recursion over `&&`/`||` whose true- and false-directions are asymmetric. A finding needs BOTH an uncovered access and a covered one on the same symbol in the same condition, which is the agreeing twin that separates a misplaced parenthesis from an unrelated length test. Bare index accesses with no emptiness test in the condition are neither counted nor reported; a non-identifier receiver and a lambda nested inside the condition are outside the population. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X29 · Per-element action decided by a fixed element10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a decision taken once per element is taken ABOUT that element — a test inside a counted loop that reads a fixed subscript of the very collection its guarded statement indexes by the loop variable applies element zero's answer to all of them, so the elements that differ from it are all handled wrongly, and in the same direction.

Method: Roslyn syntax only, no semantic model: every `for` statement declaring exactly ONE loop variable, and every `if` inside its body that is not under a nested loop or a lambda. A site enters the population when the `if`’s condition never mentions the loop variable while the statement it guards indexes some collection by that variable ALONE (`c[i]`; `c[i + 1]` and `c[i, j]` are outside it). A finding additionally needs the AGREEING TWIN at the same-collection grain: the condition must read THAT SAME collection at a subscript that does not move — written into the condition, or reached through a local declared BEFORE the loop, so an alias bound inside the body is not followed. Both collection expressions must be simple identifiers. On a repository with no .NET source the same rule reads JavaScript/TypeScript off the engine’s own token stream (tests included, bundles and vendored paths not): a `for (let|var|const x = …; …; …)` with one declarator and a braced body, an alias followed only when it is declared before the loop in a block that encloses it and never assigned inside the loop. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X3 · Exception handling10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether exceptions are handled rather than silently swallowed or rethrown with lost stack traces.

Method: Roslyn syntax scan: every catch clause counted; empty catches and bare rethrows flagged. Population is all catch clauses, not estimated. Deterministic, hard fact.

X30 · Support guard that admits what it rejects10.0 / 10Exemplary○ Nothing flagged

Other · Code Health — Whether a guard written as a NEGATED `||` says what its author meant — `!(a || b || x != k)` is `!a && !b && x == k` by De Morgan, so a bail-out that mixes capabilities the code needs with a fault it refuses turns inside out: it fires only where the capabilities are ABSENT, and lets every value the fault term names walk straight into the body that cannot handle it.

Method: Roslyn syntax only, no semantic model: every logical-not whose operand is a parenthesised `||` chain of two or more disjuncts, flattened (a left-nested `a || b || c` read once would see `(a || b)` as one disjunct). A site enters the population on that shape alone. A finding additionally needs the disjuncts to DISAGREE in polarity: at least one bare boolean read — an identifier or member access, never an invocation, which is a predicate rather than a capability flag — and at least one `x != <constant>`, the only form that negates into an exact-value pin (`== null` negates into a looser requirement and is outside the fault set). Consistently-polarised disjunctions, all-fault or all-capability, are counted and never reported; a negated `&&` is outside the population entirely. No same-receiver gate: it was measured to cost a real defect and remove no false positive. Deterministic, provable per finding. Advisory.

X5 · Nullable reference types2.0 / 10Critical✓ Tool-verified

Other · Code Health — Whether Scala's null is held to the type system and not undermined by assertions — a file compiled with `-Yexplicit-nulls` is one where `String` excludes null and `String | Null` admits it, a file under WartRemover's `Null` wart or Scalafix's `DisableSyntax.noNulls` is one whose code cannot write `null` and must say `Option`, and each `.nn`, `import scala.language.unsafeNulls` or null-lint suppression is the author overruling that.

Method: Roslyn compiler-options scan: NullableContextOptions per project; null-forgiving (!) suppression density per 1k syntax nodes. Deterministic, adoption plus suppression penalty.

  • No build over this repository's 101 Scala product file(s) passes `-Yexplicit-nulls`, enables WartRemover's `Null` wart or runs Scalafix's `DisableSyntax.noNulls`, so every reference type admits null and nothing reports a `null` written into the code or returned from a Java API — the first one to reach a method call is a `NullPointerException`. `Option` by convention is a habit no tool here holds the code to.

What to do

  • On Scala 3, add `-Yexplicit-nulls` to `scalacOptions` so `String` and `String | Null` mean different things, and type each Java API's result as nullable where it can return null; on Scala 2 (or as a first step), enable WartRemover's `Null` wart (`wartremoverErrors += Wart.Null`) or Scalafix's `DisableSyntax.noNulls = true` so the code holds absence in `Option`. Then pay the assertions down rather than adding to them: each `.nn` is a null the compiler could not rule out — wrap the Java value in `Option(…)` at the boundary, pattern-match on `null` once there, or change the API so the null cannot arrive; an `unsafeNulls` import switches the checking off for everything after it.

Reference — by lens

The score is the rank-weighted fold of these lenses (worst-heaviest), each including its meta-dimensions; a lens with a Critical contributor is capped at Fair (its band reads "gated by …") and is never the strongest area however high its average.

LensScoreRatingImpact
Code Health72%Adequate — gated by X5Capped at Fair by a Critical contributor — resolve it before relying on this lens.
Architecture91%Adequate — gated by D26Capped at Fair by a Critical contributor — resolve it before relying on this lens.
Maturity67%Adequate — gated by D34Capped at Fair by a Critical contributor — resolve it before relying on this lens.
Readiness63%AdequateLargest drag on the score — prioritise here.
Security78%Adequate — gated by D29Capped at Fair by a Critical contributor — resolve it before relying on this lens.
Unscored — 1 check(s) recorded observations but carry no score

These checks ran and found something, but they do not carry a score — either by design (an advisory check reports evidence rather than grading it) or because they could not be scored here. They are excluded from the score for that reason, not because there was nothing to see.

  • X10 Duplicated predicate — 1 observation(s) recorded · Advisory — this card reports evidence and never carries a score.
Not evidenced — 4 control(s) we could not find positive evidence for

These checks grade a working control, and the repository shows no evidence of one. That is deliberately not scored as a zero: a repository cannot show an ops runbook, a database TTL or an infrastructure-side audit log, so absence of evidence here is not evidence the control is missing. It is also not a statement that the check is irrelevant to this codebase — the thing it grades applies; we just could not see it. Excluded from the score either way.

  • C3 Audit Trail — Not assessed: these audit controls are read from a source model (declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names, guard methods) that was not loaded for this repository — because the repository is written in a language this check does not yet model, or because its projects failed to load. Absence of an idiom this check recognises is NOT evidence that this repository lacks audit controls: it may implement them entirely in its own ecosystem. This is a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not a finding about this repository.
  • C4 Data Retention — Not assessed: these retention controls are read from a source model (declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names, guard methods) that was not loaded for this repository — because the repository is written in a language this check does not yet model, or because its projects failed to load. Absence of an idiom this check recognises is NOT evidence that this repository lacks retention controls: it may implement them entirely in its own ecosystem. This is a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not a finding about this repository.
  • C5 Data-Subject Rights — Not assessed: these data-subject rights controls are read from a source model (declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names, guard methods) that was not loaded for this repository — because the repository is written in a language this check does not yet model, or because its projects failed to load. Absence of an idiom this check recognises is NOT evidence that this repository lacks data-subject rights controls: it may implement them entirely in its own ecosystem. This is a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not a finding about this repository.
  • P5 DR & Backup — not evidenced — repo shows no backup/RTO/RPO controls; absence of evidence is not evidence of a working control
Not included — 52 check(s) not relevant to this codebase

These checks had nothing to measure here (no tests, no git history, the codebase is small, or the architecture style doesn't apply), so they're omitted above rather than scored low.

  • AC1 Text alternatives — No web markup found — accessibility is not applicable to this repository.
  • AC2 Forms & labels — No web markup found — accessibility is not applicable to this repository.
  • AC3 Page structure — No web markup found — accessibility is not applicable to this repository.
  • AC4 Keyboard semantics — No web markup found — accessibility is not applicable to this repository.
  • AC5 ARIA correctness — No web markup found — accessibility is not applicable to this repository.
  • AC6 Visual & motion safety — No web markup found — accessibility is not applicable to this repository.
  • AC7 A11y enforcement — No web markup found — accessibility is not applicable to this repository.
  • AX1 Captive dependencies — Not applicable: this repository's Java imports no dependency-injection container and defines no container of its own — nothing that both registers and resolves bindings, and nothing that names two lifetimes — so nothing holds one lifetime's instance while handing out another's; this repository's Python imports no dependency-injection container and defines no container of its own — nothing that both registers and resolves bindings, and nothing that names two lifetimes — so nothing holds one lifetime's instance while handing out another's; this repository's Scala imports no dependency-injection container and defines no container of its own — nothing that both registers and resolves bindings, and nothing that names two lifetimes — so nothing holds one lifetime's instance while handing out another's.
  • AX2 Stateful singletons — No container singleton was found, so there is no shared instance for concurrent requests to race on. No class in this Java code is a Spring, JSR-330 or CDI singleton bean. No function in this Python code is served by a threaded web framework (a Flask, Bottle or FastAPI route, a Django or Pyramid view), so no module is shared between request threads. No class in this Scala code is a Play controller, a Cask routes object, a Scalatra servlet, a Finatra controller, an Akka/Pekko HTTP routes holder or a JSR-330/Spring singleton, so no instance is shared between request threads.
  • AX5 Architecture & structure — not assessed — architecture style/structure is computed from a project graph (projects, types, module namespaces) that was not loaded for this repository, because the repository is written in a language this check does not yet model, or because its projects failed to load. This is a gap in the analyzer, not a finding about this repository
  • AX7 Slice cohesion — not applicable — not a vertical-slice architecture
  • AX8 Test isolation — no test/production split to check
  • AX9 CQS / query purity — no CQRS query handlers detected — query purity is not applicable to this codebase
  • AXB2 Runtime readiness — Advisory — this card reports evidence and never carries a score, so there is nothing missing here.
  • AXR1 Runtime accessibility — docker build failed (exit 1) — DEPRECATED: The legacy builder is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Install the buildx component to build images with BuildKit: https://docs.docker.com/go/bui…; runtime evidence skipped This is a statement about this run, not a statement about your application: nothing here says the surface is inaccessible, only that it was never rendered.
  • C1 Data Protection — Not assessed: these personal data controls are read from a source model (declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names, guard methods) that was not loaded for this repository — because the repository is written in a language this check does not yet model, or because its projects failed to load. Absence of an idiom this check recognises is NOT evidence that this repository lacks personal data controls: it may implement them entirely in its own ecosystem. This is a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not a finding about this repository.
  • C2 Access Controls — Not assessed: these authorization controls are read from a source model (declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names, guard methods) that was not loaded for this repository — because the repository is written in a language this check does not yet model, or because its projects failed to load. Absence of an idiom this check recognises is NOT evidence that this repository lacks authorization controls: it may implement them entirely in its own ecosystem. This is a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not a finding about this repository.
  • D10 Test Quality — ~14407 lines of test source are present (.py, .scala) but no test cases reached the test census for this repository — no test root we could resolve declared them, or the files we read declare no cases in a test framework we recognise — so skipped/assertion-free tests couldn't be counted. Not scored — this is a gap in the analyzer, not a finding about this repository.
  • D11 Test Reliability — Test reliability not included — the .scala suite was found but not re-run
  • D18 Solution Shape — D18 scores the shape of a .NET solution; this repository has no .NET solution or project files, so the dimension does not apply.
  • D20 ADR Quality — N/A — ADRs are expected on deployable products with a user-facing host, not consumed libraries; no ADR log is required here.
  • D22 Internal API Consistency — The exposed public-API surface could not be collected — no C#/VB projects loaded.
  • D23 Boundary Type-Coupling — No bounded-context organisation was detected either — neither a context-shaped layout nor 2+ sibling source directories each declaring an aggregate root. Declaring this codebase's bounded contexts (≥2) would let cross-boundary type coupling be assessed. Declare them in `.codehealth/config.yaml` at the repository root (create it if absent), mapping each context name to the module-path or namespace prefixes that belong to it — e.g. `architecture:` → `contexts:` → `Billing: ["src/billing", "Acme.Billing"]`, `Catalog: ["src/catalog", "Acme.Catalog"]`.
  • D24 Comment Value — No inline comments to assess — comment value is not applicable here.
  • D25 ADR Conformance — no ADRs to check
  • D27 Navigability — D27 counts a call into the standard library or a dependency as unresolved for this repository's language (.scala), so too few call sites counted as resolved to assess navigability. Not scored: this is a gap in the analyzer, not a verdict about this repository.
  • D32 Data Compliance (PII/GDPR) — No personal data was found crossing a boundary the PII/GDPR ruleset checks — nothing written to a log or console sink, placed in a URL or query string, or persisted to browser storage. That is a clean result for the LEAK surface only: this ruleset detects personal data escaping, it does not inventory the personal data a repository holds, so it is not evidence that this repository has no personal-data surface. The personal-data map (Appendix C) and the C1-C5 compliance cards are what speak to that.
  • D37 Vulnerability-disclosure Policy — No vulnerability-disclosure policy file found (SECURITY.md/.markdown/.rst/.txt at root or under .github/.forgejo/.gitea/docs, .well-known/security.txt). A coordinated-disclosure policy may live off-repo, so this is not evidenced rather than failed.
  • D39 IL Efficiency — D39 measures the IL emitted by a .NET build; this repository has no .NET solution or project files, so the dimension does not apply.
  • D40 Network Egress Confinement — No Kubernetes/orchestration workloads found in the repository manifests; network egress policy is a cluster-native control that may live at the platform/firewall layer, so there is nothing to assess here.
  • D41 Kernel & Syscall Confinement — No Kubernetes/orchestration workloads found in the repository manifests; seccomp/AppArmor/SELinux confinement is a workload-level control, so there is nothing to assess here.
  • D42 Runtime Threat Enforcement — No Kubernetes/orchestration workloads found in the repository manifests; runtime threat-detection and admission-control policy are cluster-level controls, so there is nothing to assess here.
  • D7 Architectural Integrity — no checkable ADRs, and no project-reference graph for the cycle pass to read — so this dimension makes no claim about dependency cycles in either direction (where this repository's language has an import-cycle lens, cycles are reported there). Architectural integrity not assessed
  • D8 Code Coverage — Coverage not included — suite not readable by the collector
  • DM1 Domain Modelling — applicable but not scored (1 of 2 signals for this style — below the bar we score at): 73 value object(s)
  • ED1 Event-Driven — not scored — this repository shows none of the 3 signals this lens looks for
  • ED5 Idempotency — no mutating command handlers or message consumers detected — idempotency check not applicable
  • ES1 Event Sourcing — not scored — this repository shows none of the 3 signals this lens looks for
  • P12 CI test-gate honesty — Reported, not scored — this card publishes what the CI gate does with the test inventory rather than grading it. The findings above are its output.
  • P7 Outbound HTTP resilience — not applicable — no HTTP server, API framework or worker entry point was found in the JVM, Python source, so there is no service whose uptime a failing dependency could take down
  • P8 Schema migrations — no ORM, schema-migration tool or schema auto-create was found in this repository's dependency manifests or source, so there is no database schema for this check to judge
  • P9 Domain vs controller coverage — no coverage report found on disk — produce a coverage report in a standard format (`addSbtPlugin("org.scoverage" % "sbt-scoverage" % "<version>")` in `project/plugins.sbt`, then `sbt clean coverage test coverageReport`) and commit it — a hosted scan measures a clone of the repository, so a report that exists only in a working tree, a CI runner's or your own, never reaches it; the artefact is commonly gitignored, so `git add -f` that one file (or un-ignore its path) and commit it alongside the code it measures, or wire coverage collection into CI, to enable this cross-layer check
  • PF1 Benchmark discipline — Not applicable: no benchmark suite was found. This check searched for `@Benchmark` in a Java, Kotlin or Scala file importing JMH or kotlinx-benchmark, Jetpack Benchmark's `measureRepeated` in a file importing androidx.benchmark, or JMH/kotlinx-benchmark/androidx.benchmark in a pom.xml, Gradle or sbt build, and for a `*benchmark*` script that this repository's CI runs. Benchmarks are credited as a bonus, so their absence is neither scored nor deducted.
  • PF2 Allocation hygiene — Not applicable: allocation awareness is rated where code engineers for it — at least 400 production lines that ship benchmarks or already use allocation-aware idioms (8 or more). This repository's Java and Scala code has 15,565 production line(s), 6 such use(s) and no benchmarks, so there is no allocation work to rate. The card is reward-only: its absence costs nothing.
  • PF3 Async & latency hygiene — Not applicable: this repository declares no async functions, so there is no asynchronous code for a blocking call to stall.
  • S1 Web-Security Posture — Not assessed: these web-security controls are read from a source model (declarative annotations, request middleware, entity/column names, guard methods) that was not loaded for this repository — because the repository is written in a language this check does not yet model, or because its projects failed to load. Absence of an idiom this check recognises is NOT evidence that this repository lacks web-security controls: it may implement them entirely in its own ecosystem. This is a gap in the analyzer's language coverage, not a finding about this repository.
  • X2 Cancellation propagation — no C# was loaded; this repository's Scala, Java and Python were read, and no request in it can be cancelled by a caller — a Scala request takes no token: a Future cannot be cancelled, and cats-effect, ZIO and Monix interrupt the fiber that made the request from outside the call, not through a parameter; a Java request off Android takes no token: it is cancelled through the handle it returns (Future.cancel, Call.cancel, a Disposable), ambiently (io.grpc.Context) or by interrupting its thread, not through a parameter; a Python request takes no token: asyncio cancels the task and trio or anyio the scope that made it, from outside the call, and requests, httpx, aiohttp and gRPC take a timeout, not a cancellation
  • X32 Type resolved by simple name across every loaded assembly — This check is about how a .NET program searches the assemblies loaded into its process for a type, and this repository contains no .NET source, so there is nothing here for it to assess. Not a gap in the analyzer and not a finding about your code.
  • X4 Structured logging — This check asks whether log calls keep a message's values apart from its text, which needs a logger that can carry them as fields. This repository's Java was read, and it logs through none that an assembled message defeats: java.util.logging's level methods, log4j 1, commons-logging, JBoss Logging and Flogger take one finished message (as log4net does in C#), or it makes no call through a named logger at all. Calls made through SLF4J or log4j 2 (`org.slf4j.Logger`, `org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger`, Lombok's `@Slf4j`) would be judged.
  • X6 Hand-rolled structured-format parsing — Advisory — this card reports evidence and never carries a score, so there is nothing missing here.
  • X7 Silent fallback defaults — Advisory — this card reports evidence and never carries a score, so there is nothing missing here.
  • X9 Subsumed condition operand — Advisory — this card reports evidence and never carries a score, so there is nothing missing here.

Appendix A — Findings (grouped)

The findings behind the scores, grouped by severity, then by dimension and kind. The high-severity issues are enumerated in full below; items per group are capped at 25 with any overflow stated explicitly per group, never silently truncated. The complete machine-readable list of every finding (all severities) is the companion findings.md in this report's bundle.

Critical — 49 finding(s)
D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED
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  • + 8 more in this group — see findings.md.
D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED
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D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED
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D28 · Secrets (history) · REDACTED · ×1
  • REDACTED
D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED · ×1
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D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED · ×1
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D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED · ×1
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D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED · ×1
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Serious — 62 finding(s)
D17 · Explicit Debt · TodoComment · ×12
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/gff/GffDataSource.scala:154 — // TODO: Remove this after upgrade to Spark 2.4.5 and above — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/SqlExtensionProvider.scala:34 — // TODO(hhd): Spark 3.0 allows extensions to register functions. After Spark 3.0 is released, — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/util/HadoopLineIterator.scala:53 — // TODO: Implement Locality — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/NormalizeVariantsTransformer.scala:114 — // TODO: Log splitter usage — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/NormalizeVariantsTransformer.scala:118 — // TODO: Log splitter usage — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/splitmultiallelics/SplitMultiallelicsTransformer.scala:35 — // TODO: Log splitter usage — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/pipe/PipeTransformer.scala:93 — // TODO: More tools to be added — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/splitmultiallelics/VariantSplitter.scala:75 — // TODO: Unflattened INFO field splitting — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.scala:447 — // TODO(hhd): Fix the BGEN reader to properly insert nulls — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `// REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment docs/source/_static/zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE/tertiary/8_pipeline_runs_comparison.py:61 — # MAGIC TODO, add other steps in the pipeline — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `# REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment python/glow/wgr/ridge_regression.py:28 — # TODO(hhd): Remove this and start using applyInPandas once we only support Spark 3.x. — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `# REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
  • TodoComment python/glow/wgr/ridge_reduction.py:27 — # TODO(hhd): Remove this and start using applyInPandas once we only support Spark 3.x. — source code is not a task system: move the work to your tracker and leave a reference instead (e.g. `# REF: #123`), so the task is planned where tasks live and the ticket links back to the code.
D36 · Supply-chain Provenance & Signing REDACTED · ×4
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D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED · ×2
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D3 · God Classes · TooManyMethods · ×2
  • TooManyMethods: VariantContextToInternalRowConverter core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala:50 — TooManyMethods — 32 methods. The bar is 30 methods; this is 2 over it, 1.07× the bar. To reduce it, group the members that share the same data into a smaller type of their own and delegate to it, so no single type carries every responsibility.
  • TooManyMethods: functions core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/functions.scala:35 — TooManyMethods — 31 methods. The bar is 30 methods; this is 1 over it, 1.03× the bar. To reduce it, group the members that share the same data into a smaller type of their own and delegate to it, so no single type carries every responsibility.
D36 · Supply-chain Provenance & Signing REDACTED · ×2
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D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (6 lines × 2) · ×2
  • Duplicated block (6 lines × 2) core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala:117 — core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala:117-122 | core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/SenaryExpression.scala:120-125 — the copies sit in sibling files of one directory, so a shared home is within easy reach: extract the block into a single shared function the call sites can all reach — a file they already depend on, or a new one alongside them — and call it from both call sites, so a change lands once. Read the line range as the matched WINDOW rather than a finished unit: at `core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala:117` it does not close everything it opens, so those exact lines cannot be lifted as they stand — widen the region to the smallest complete statement or declaration that contains it, and extract that.
  • Duplicated block (6 lines × 2) docs/source/_static/zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE/tertiary/9_compare_hail_to_glow.py:42 — docs/source/_static/zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE/tertiary/9_compare_hail_to_glow.py:42-47 | docs/source/_static/zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE/tertiary/9_compare_hail_to_glow.py:85-90 — both copies are in the same file, so extract the block into one function there and call it from each site — the copies drift apart the first time only one of them is edited. Read the line range as the matched WINDOW rather than a finished unit: at `docs/source/_static/zzz_GENERATED_NOTEBOOK_SOURCE/tertiary/9_compare_hail_to_glow.py:42` it does not close everything it opens, so those exact lines cannot be lifted as they stand — widen the region to the smallest complete statement or declaration that contains it, and extract that.
D6 · Cohesion (LCOM4) · Low cohesion · ×2
  • Low cohesion: InternalRowToVariantContextConverter (LCOM4 9) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala:46 — InternalRowToVariantContextConverter's methods fall into 9 groups that share no field and call none of each other, against a bar of more than 3 for this run (LCOM4, configurable — your repository's bar is the one quoted here). Each group is a set of methods reachable from one another through shared fields or direct calls, so 9 groups means the type has that many internally-connected clusters with nothing tying them together. Types whose shape makes a high count expected — and which would otherwise dominate this list — are excluded before this row is raised, so this is a genuine split candidate rather than a metric reading. It is still a shape, not a defect: confirm the groups match responsibilities you can name before splitting.
  • Low cohesion: VariantContextToInternalRowConverter (LCOM4 8) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala:50 — VariantContextToInternalRowConverter's methods fall into 8 groups that share no field and call none of each other, against a bar of more than 3 for this run (LCOM4, configurable — your repository's bar is the one quoted here). Each group is a set of methods reachable from one another through shared fields or direct calls, so 8 groups means the type has that many internally-connected clusters with nothing tying them together. Types whose shape makes a high count expected — and which would otherwise dominate this list — are excluded before this row is raised, so this is a genuine split candidate rather than a metric reading. It is still a shape, not a defect: confirm the groups match responsibilities you can name before splitting.
X15 · Unvalidated length from an untrusted reader · Length read from the parsed input is spent without ever being bounded · ×2
  • Length read from the parsed input is spent without ever being bounded core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenGenotypeReader.scala:46 — `genotypesLen` is read from the bytes being parsed at line 45 (`readInt`), then used to size a `new Array[Byte]` at line 46 — and nowhere in its scope is `genotypesLen` bounded from above — compared to a limit, clamped, or checked against the input that remains (a zero or sign test, or the loop that counts up to it, bounds nothing). Whoever wrote those bytes therefore chooses the allocation directly: a 32-bit length asks for up to 2 GiB before a single byte of the payload is known to exist, which either exhausts the heap with an `OutOfMemoryError` or, negative, throws `NegativeArraySizeException` out of a parser whose failure path was written for malformed input, not for hostile input. Bound `genotypesLen` against the bytes actually remaining and a maximum the format allows before allocating.
  • Length read from the parsed input is spent without ever being bounded core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenGenotypeReader.scala:57 — `decompressedGenotypesLen` is read from the bytes being parsed at line 55 (`readInt`), then used to size a `new Array[Byte]` at line 57 — and nowhere in its scope is `decompressedGenotypesLen` bounded from above — compared to a limit, clamped, or checked against the input that remains (a zero or sign test, or the loop that counts up to it, bounds nothing). Whoever wrote those bytes therefore chooses the allocation directly: a 32-bit length asks for up to 2 GiB before a single byte of the payload is known to exist, which either exhausts the heap with an `OutOfMemoryError` or, negative, throws `NegativeArraySizeException` out of a parser whose failure path was written for malformed input, not for hostile input. Bound `decompressedGenotypesLen` against the bytes actually remaining and a maximum the format allows before allocating.
D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cyclomatic 42) · ×1
  • TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cyclomatic 42) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:179 — TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter has cyclomatic complexity 42 (threshold 15). To reduce it, separate the cases: extract each independent branch into its own named function, and where the body has guards that only reject input, fold those into early returns at the top. This file is where this pass's cyclomatic complexity CONCENTRATES: core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala holds 2 of the 7 methods over the threshold — including the worst — and 29 of the 45 points over it (64%), 3.6× the next-largest file (core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala at 8). No single row can show this, because each is measured only against the threshold: reducing this one file moves this dimension further than any other file in the repository.
D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity · InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 23) · ×1
  • InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 23) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala:116 — InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter has cyclomatic complexity 23 (threshold 15). To reduce it, separate the cases: extract each independent branch into its own named function, and where the body has guards that only reject input, fold those into early returns at the top.
D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity · CallSummaryStats.update (cyclomatic 20) · ×1
  • CallSummaryStats.update (cyclomatic 20) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala:104 — CallSummaryStats.update has cyclomatic complexity 20 (threshold 15). To reduce it, separate the cases: extract each independent branch into its own named function, and where the body has guards that only reject input, fold those into early returns at the top.
D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead (cyclomatic 17) · ×1
  • TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead (cyclomatic 17) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:448 — TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead has cyclomatic complexity 17 (threshold 15). To reduce it, separate the cases: extract each independent branch into its own named function, and where the body has guards that only reject input, fold those into early returns at the top. This file is where this pass's cyclomatic complexity CONCENTRATES: core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala holds 2 of the 7 methods over the threshold — including the worst — and 29 of the 45 points over it (64%), 3.6× the next-largest file (core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala at 8). No single row can show this, because each is measured only against the threshold: reducing this one file moves this dimension further than any other file in the repository.
D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity · VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cyclomatic 16) · ×1
  • VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cyclomatic 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala:73 — VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase has cyclomatic complexity 16 (threshold 15). To reduce it, separate the cases: extract each independent branch into its own named function, and where the body has guards that only reject input, fold those into early returns at the top.
D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity · InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 16) · ×1
  • InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cyclomatic 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala:180 — InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.makeGenotypeConverter has cyclomatic complexity 16 (threshold 15). To reduce it, keep the dispatch but shrink the arms: move each non-trivial case body into its own named function (or onto the value being matched) so the dispatch reads one line per case, and group related cases into a sub-dispatch. Where every arm is uniform — the same kind of value, with no behaviour of its own — a table keyed by the case is the shorter form; wherever the arms carry different data or different behaviour, keep them as cases, because collapsing those trades an explicit, reviewable set of cases for nothing.
D1 · Cyclomatic Complexity · VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.updateInfoField (cyclomatic 16) · ×1
  • VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.updateInfoField (cyclomatic 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala:284 — VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.updateInfoField has cyclomatic complexity 16 (threshold 15). To reduce it, separate the branches: extract each independent case into its own named function so the top-level body reads as a short sequence of named decisions.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cognitive 87) · ×1
  • TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter (cognitive 87) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:179 — TabixIndexHelper.parseFilter has cognitive complexity 87 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 33 (73 pts), boolean chains 11, match/switch 1 (2 pts), loops 1 (nesting depth added 41). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body. This file is where this pass's cognitive complexity CONCENTRATES: core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala holds 2 of the 16 methods over the threshold — including the worst — and 84 of the 200 points over it (42%), 3.4× the next-largest file (core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala at 25). No single row can show this, because each is measured only against the threshold: reducing this one file moves this dimension further than any other file in the repository.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · CallSummaryStats.update (cognitive 40) · ×1
  • CallSummaryStats.update (cognitive 40) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala:104 — CallSummaryStats.update has cognitive complexity 40 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 20 (35 pts), loops 3 (4 pts), boolean chains 1 (nesting depth added 16). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cognitive 35) · ×1
  • InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter (cognitive 35) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.scala:116 — InternalRowToBgenRowConverter.makeGenotypeConverter has cognitive complexity 35 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 13 (26 pts), match/switch 2 (5 pts), loops 2 (3 pts), boolean chains 1 (nesting depth added 17). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cognitive 34) · ×1
  • VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase (cognitive 34) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala:73 — VariantQcExprs.callStatsBase has cognitive complexity 34 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 9 (20 pts), loops 6 (12 pts), boolean chains 2 (nesting depth added 17). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · VariantNormalizer.normalizeVariant (cognitive 28) · ×1
  • VariantNormalizer.normalizeVariant (cognitive 28) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/normalizevariants/VariantNormalizer.scala:55 — VariantNormalizer.normalizeVariant has cognitive complexity 28 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 11 (21 pts), loops 2 (4 pts), boolean chains 3 (nesting depth added 12). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead (cognitive 27) · ×1
  • TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead (cognitive 27) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:448 — TabixIndexHelper.getFileRangeToRead has cognitive complexity 27 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 14 (23 pts), boolean chains 3, match/switch 1 (nesting depth added 9). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body. This file is where this pass's cognitive complexity CONCENTRATES: core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala holds 2 of the 16 methods over the threshold — including the worst — and 84 of the 200 points over it (42%), 3.4× the next-largest file (core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala at 25). No single row can show this, because each is measured only against the threshold: reducing this one file moves this dimension further than any other file in the repository.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · HardCalls.getHardCalls (cognitive 23) · ×1
  • HardCalls.getHardCalls (cognitive 23) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantUtilExprs.scala:298 — HardCalls.getHardCalls has cognitive complexity 23 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 6 (14 pts), loops 3 (7 pts), boolean chains 2 (nesting depth added 12). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · QuinaryOptionalExpression.eval (cognitive 22) · ×1
  • QuinaryOptionalExpression.eval (cognitive 22) core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/QuinaryOptionalExpression.scala:37 — QuinaryOptionalExpression.eval has cognitive complexity 22 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 7 (22 pts) (nesting depth added 15). To reduce it, flatten the nesting: this score is depth rather than breadth — most of its points come from checks stacked inside one another, so the work sits several levels in. Invert each enclosing check into an early exit (a return, or the language's equivalent) so the happy path stays at one level, and where a level cannot be exited early, lift the block it encloses into its own named function.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · SenaryExpression.eval (cognitive 21) · ×1
  • SenaryExpression.eval (cognitive 21) core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/SenaryExpression.scala:37 — SenaryExpression.eval has cognitive complexity 21 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 6 (21 pts) (nesting depth added 15). To reduce it, flatten the nesting: this score is depth rather than breadth — most of its points come from checks stacked inside one another, so the work sits several levels in. Invert each enclosing check into an early exit (a return, or the language's equivalent) so the happy path stays at one level, and where a level cannot be exited early, lift the block it encloses into its own named function.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · BgenRecordWriter.getCompressedGenotypeProbabilityData (cognitive 20) · ×1
  • BgenRecordWriter.getCompressedGenotypeProbabilityData (cognitive 20) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenRecordWriter.scala:167 — BgenRecordWriter.getCompressedGenotypeProbabilityData has cognitive complexity 20 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 10 (13 pts), loops 4 (7 pts) (nesting depth added 6). To reduce it, split the body: most of this score is breadth rather than depth — checks laid out side by side rather than stacked — so group the statements between the checks into named steps and move each step into its own function. Some of it IS depth: where a check sits inside another whose only job is to reach it, merge the two into one condition, and where an else follows a branch that already returns, drop the trailing else and let the rest of the body continue at one level.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · functions._prepare_sql_args (cognitive 19) · ×1
  • functions._prepare_sql_args (cognitive 19) python/glow/sql/functions.py:28 — functions._prepare_sql_args has cognitive complexity 19 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 14 (18 pts), boolean chains 1 (nesting depth added 4). To reduce it, split the body: most of this score is breadth rather than depth — checks laid out side by side rather than stacked — so group the statements between the checks into named steps and move each step into its own function. Some of it IS depth: where a check sits inside another whose only job is to reach it, merge the two into one condition, and where an else follows a branch that already returns, drop the trailing else and let the rest of the body continue at one level.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.createAnnotationArray (cognitive 18) · ×1
  • InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.createAnnotationArray (cognitive 18) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala:327 — InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.createAnnotationArray has cognitive complexity 18 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: match/switch 2 (9 pts), if/else 2 (6 pts), loops 2 (3 pts) (nesting depth added 12). To reduce it, keep the dispatch but shrink the arms: move each non-trivial case body into its own named function (or onto the value being matched) so the dispatch reads one line per case, and group related cases into a sub-dispatch. Keep every case explicit, and make the behaviour for cases you do not list a deliberate choice rather than an accident.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.parseGenotypes (cognitive 17) · ×1
  • VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.parseGenotypes (cognitive 17) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.scala:226 — VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.parseGenotypes has cognitive complexity 17 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 6 (11 pts), loops 3 (4 pts), boolean chains 2 (nesting depth added 6). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · render_template.prepare_definitions (cognitive 17) · ×1
  • render_template.prepare_definitions (cognitive 17) REDACTED:97 — render_template.prepare_definitions has cognitive complexity 17 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: loops 4 (9 pts), if/else 2 (8 pts) (nesting depth added 11). To reduce it, break up the iteration: give each loop body a named function, and split a multi-phase loop into one function per phase so no single body carries the whole pipeline.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.getAnnotationArray (cognitive 16) · ×1
  • VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.getAnnotationArray (cognitive 16) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala:613 — VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.getAnnotationArray has cognitive complexity 16 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: match/switch 2 (9 pts), if/else 2 (4 pts), loops 2 (3 pts) (nesting depth added 10). To reduce it, keep the dispatch but shrink the arms: move each non-trivial case body into its own named function (or onto the value being matched) so the dispatch reads one line per case, and group related cases into a sub-dispatch. Keep every case explicit, and make the behaviour for cases you do not list a deliberate choice rather than an accident.
D2 · Cognitive Complexity · functions._validate_offset (cognitive 16) · ×1
  • functions._validate_offset (cognitive 16) python/glow/gwas/functions.py:111 — functions._validate_offset has cognitive complexity 16 (threshold 15). Drivers by points: if/else 6 (13 pts), loops 1 (3 pts) (nesting depth added 9). To reduce it, split the body into named stages: move each independent step or branch into its own named function so the body reads as a short sequence of named calls rather than one long body.
D29 · Static Analysis (SAST) · REDACTED · ×1
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D30 · Dependency Vulnerabilities · Medium CVE · ×1
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D36 · Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED · ×1
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D36 · Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED · ×1
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D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (9 lines × 2) · ×1
  • Duplicated block (9 lines × 2) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/LeftOverlapJoin.scala:55 — core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/LeftOverlapJoin.scala:55-63 | core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/LeftOverlapJoin.scala:91-99 — both copies are in the same file, so extract the block into one function there and call it from each site — the copies drift apart the first time only one of them is edited.
D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (8 lines × 2) · ×1
  • Duplicated block (8 lines × 2) core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:260 — core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:260-267 | core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:275-282 — both copies are in the same file, so extract the block into one function there and call it from each site — the copies drift apart the first time only one of them is edited. Read the line range as the matched WINDOW rather than a finished unit: at `core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:260` it begins part-way through the construct above it, so those exact lines cannot be lifted as they stand — widen the region to the smallest complete statement or declaration that contains it, and extract that.
D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (26 lines × 3) · ×1
  • Duplicated block (26 lines × 3) core/src/main/shim/3.4/SparkShim.scala:36 — core/src/main/shim/3.4/SparkShim.scala:36-61 | core/src/main/shim/3.5/SparkShim.scala:37-62 | core/src/main/shim/4/SparkShim.scala:36-61 — `core/src/main/shim/3.4/SparkShim.scala` and `core/src/main/shim/3.5/SparkShim.scala` are one unit implemented once per sibling directory, so they are most likely parallel implementations of one contract rather than a copy of each other — this scan matched 1 separate duplicated blocks between them, totalling at least 26 lines. If both are selected at run time, neither can be retired in favour of the other, and the lines that DIFFER between them are the reason both exist. The move that pays here is to hoist the identical part into a shared location the whole family can reach and give what differs a parameter or a seam, so a change lands once instead of once per sibling; extracting one helper per block leaves every sibling to drift on its own. Read the line range as the matched WINDOW rather than a finished unit: at `core/src/main/shim/3.4/SparkShim.scala:36` it runs out through the closing brace of the declaration holding it and carries on into the declaration that follows — the window is the tail of one member plus the head of the next, so no call can be substituted for those exact lines, and the smallest declaration that contains all of them is the type they sit in. The repeated unit is the member each site sits in: where those members' bodies are the same, move one whole member to the shared location and have the others delegate to it; where the copies are a run of near-identical overloads or wrappers that differ only in their signatures, the repetition IS the run — a one-line delegation has no helper inside it to lift — so generate the run from the set it enumerates, or accept it and keep each member's own documentation with it.
D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (27–30 lines × 2) · ×1
  • Duplicated block (27–30 lines × 2) python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py:261 — python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py:261-290 | python/glow/wgr/ridge_regression.py:200-226 — the copies sit in sibling files of one directory, so a shared home is within easy reach: extract the block into a single shared function the call sites can all reach — a file they already depend on, or a new one alongside them — and call it from both call sites, so a change lands once.
D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (10 lines × 2) · ×1
  • Duplicated block (10 lines × 2) python/glow/gwas/lin_reg.py:135 — python/glow/gwas/lin_reg.py:135-144 | python/glow/gwas/log_reg.py:119-128 — the copies sit in sibling files of one directory, so a shared home is within easy reach: extract the block into a single shared function the call sites can all reach — a file they already depend on, or a new one alongside them — and call it from both call sites, so a change lands once.
D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (21 lines × 2) · ×1
  • Duplicated block (21 lines × 2) python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py:44 — python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py:44-64 | python/glow/wgr/ridge_regression.py:51-71 — the copies sit in sibling files of one directory, so a shared home is within easy reach: extract the block into a single shared function the call sites can all reach — a file they already depend on, or a new one alongside them — and call it from both call sites, so a change lands once.
D4 · Code Duplication · Duplicated block (5 lines × 2) · ×1
  • Duplicated block (5 lines × 2) python/glow/wgr/ridge_reduction.py:126 — python/glow/wgr/ridge_reduction.py:126-130 | python/glow/wgr/ridge_regression.py:150-154 — the copies sit in sibling files of one directory, so a shared home is within easy reach: extract the block into a single shared function the call sites can all reach — a file they already depend on, or a new one alongside them — and call it from both call sites, so a change lands once.
Minor — 90 finding(s)
D34 · Knowledge Freshness · Orphaned file · ×73
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/InternalRowToVariantContextConverter.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFFileFormat.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file python/glow/wgr/ridge_udfs.py:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/functions.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file python/glow/gwas/log_reg.py:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFLineToInternalRowConverter.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file python/glow/wgr/logistic_ridge_regression.py:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/LiftOverVariantsTransformer.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file python/glow/gwas/lin_reg.py:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file python/glow/wgr/logistic_udfs.py:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantQcExprs.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenRecordWriter.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenFileIterator.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/glueExpressions.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/VariantUtilExprs.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file python/glow/wgr/ridge_regression.py:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/plink/PlinkFileFormat.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VCFSchemaInferrer.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/gff/GffDataSource.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/pipe/Piper.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file python/glow/wgr/wgr_functions.py:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/transformers/splitmultiallelics/VariantSplitter.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/expressions/SampleCallSummaryStats.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/common/schemas.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • Orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenFileFormat.scala:1 — No one still active in this repository holds living knowledge of this file: everyone who made a meaningful change to it has gone quiet, or what the current team did to it (moves, reformatting, log-level or import edits, renames) never needed understanding it. If it breaks, no one currently understands it. Attach the read to the next change that touches it: have a second person review that change, and leave behind a short comment or test recording what the file is for.
  • + 48 more in this group — see findings.md.
D34 · Knowledge Freshness · Most significant orphaned file · ×3
  • Most significant orphaned file python/glow/functions.py:1 — One of the orphaned files carrying the most lost knowledge — ranked by size weighted by the file's role in the codebase, the same weighting behind the score above, so core code outranks equally large plumbing. A reasonable place to start a read-through before the aggregate risk above bites.
  • Most significant orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/VariantContextToInternalRowConverter.scala:1 — One of the orphaned files carrying the most lost knowledge — ranked by size weighted by the file's role in the codebase, the same weighting behind the score above, so core code outranks equally large plumbing. A reasonable place to start a read-through before the aggregate risk above bites.
  • Most significant orphaned file core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/vcf/TabixIndexHelper.scala:1 — One of the orphaned files carrying the most lost knowledge — ranked by size weighted by the file's role in the codebase, the same weighting behind the score above, so core code outranks equally large plumbing. A reasonable place to start a read-through before the aggregate risk above bites.
IC1 · Incompleteness & stubs · Blanket warning suppression · ×3
  • Blanket warning suppression core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/bgen/BgenRowToInternalRowConverter.scala:80 — A bare `// scalastyle:off`, `// scalafix:off` or `@nowarn` (or Wartremover's `warts.All`) switches every rule or warning off — hidden debt. Suppress the specific rule on the specific line, with a justification, instead.
  • Blanket warning suppression core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/functions.scala:25 — A bare `// scalastyle:off`, `// scalafix:off` or `@nowarn` (or Wartremover's `warts.All`) switches every rule or warning off — hidden debt. Suppress the specific rule on the specific line, with a justification, instead.
  • Blanket warning suppression core/src/main/scala/io/projectglow/sql/util/LeveneHaldane.scala:25 — A bare `// scalastyle:off`, `// scalafix:off` or `@nowarn` (or Wartremover's `warts.All`) switches every rule or warning off — hidden debt. Suppress the specific rule on the specific line, with a justification, instead.
D19 · Documentation Quality · Documentation · ×2
  • Documentation: no installation or build instructions docs/source/customizing/index.rst — The README does not state how to install or build the project. Add an installation section covering cloning from GitHub, setting up dependencies, and any required environment variables for Databricks container services.
  • Documentation: no usage examples docs/source/customizing/index.rst — The README does not show how to run or invoke the custom-patches workflow. Add a usage section with an example of cloning the OSS repo, adding private patches, squashing changes, and pushing them.
D26 · Project Cohesion · Projects may be oversized for their cohesion · ×1
  • Projects may be oversized for their cohesion — 1 of 2 project(s) overshoot their size bounds, lowering Project Cohesion to 0.0/10. The most over is `(repository root)` (17475 LoC, 290 module-visible types across 39 directories). Review these for cohesion — draw the boundary inside the module first (group each responsibility into its own package or directory and keep the cross-boundary members non-public), since splitting a published package moves types between packages and breaks consumers.
D28 · Secrets (history) · Rotate the exposed credentials · ×1
  • REDACTED
D34 · Knowledge Freshness · Concentrated knowledge decay · ×1
  • Concentrated knowledge decay — 76 of 78 significant files have no living knowledge, while the repository is still being changed at a low rate (11 commit(s) in the last 90 days) — so this is one repo-wide knowledge-decay state, not 76 separate risks. Counted over 78 of the 134 production source files in this repository: the rest are under the ~2,400-byte size floor this dimension measures over. The code moved on without the people who understood these files: document them or schedule a read-through before the next change lands in them.
D36 · Supply-chain Provenance & Signing · REDACTED · ×1
  • REDACTED
M2 · Architecture documentation · No ADRs · ×1
  • No ADRs — No Architecture Decision Records found — no conventional ADR directory, no numbered `NNNN-title` documents in any markup this check reads, and nothing ADR-shaped by content. Design rationale recorded elsewhere (a design-notes tree, a mailing list, pull-request discussion) is not visible to this check and is not re-findable per decision, so a future maintainer cannot ask why one choice was made and get an answer.
P2 · Observability · Logging is not universal · ×1
  • Logging is not universal — Only 1/3 runnable modules use logging (modules with no entry point or server are excluded — they are libraries a runnable module hosts). Silent: `.`, `python`.
P6 · Release Hygiene · No changelog · ×1
  • No changelog — No CHANGELOG/HISTORY/RELEASES file — what shipped when isn't easy to reconstruct for support or audit. (Versioning/tagging makes releases traceable, but a changelog records the what.)
X10 · Duplicated predicate · Duplicated predicate · ×1
  • Duplicated predicate python/glow/gwas/lin_reg.py:228 — `gt_indices_to_drop is not None and gt_indices_to_drop.size` appears character-identically in 2 files — python/glow/gwas/lin_reg.py, python/glow/gwas/log_reg.py. It is one line, so the duplication detector's token window never sees it; the copies drift when only one is corrected. Give the condition a name and one home.
X5 · Nullable reference types · Scala's null is not held to the type system everywhere · ×1
  • Scala's null is not held to the type system everywhere — No build over this repository's 101 Scala product file(s) passes `-Yexplicit-nulls`, enables WartRemover's `Null` wart or runs Scalafix's `DisableSyntax.noNulls`, so every reference type admits null and nothing reports a `null` written into the code or returned from a Java API — the first one to reach a method call is a `NullPointerException`. `Option` by convention is a habit no tool here holds the code to.
Minor — 5 finding(s)
D12 · Dependency Hygiene · Outdated · ×5
  • Outdated: com.github.broadinstitute:picard — `com.github.broadinstitute %% picard` is declared at 2.27.5 in REDACTED, but 3.5.0 is the current release on Maven Central. An sbt declaration names an exact version, so this repository builds against 2.27.5 until the declaration is edited — there is no lockfile refresh that would move it.
  • Outdated: com.github.samtools:htsjdk — `com.github.samtools %% htsjdk` is declared at 3.0.5 in REDACTED, but 5.0.2 is the current release on Maven Central. An sbt declaration names an exact version, so this repository builds against 3.0.5 until the declaration is edited — there is no lockfile refresh that would move it.
  • Outdated: org.apache.commons:commons-lang3 — `org.apache.commons %% commons-lang3` is declared at 3.14.0 in REDACTED, but 3.21.0 is the current release on Maven Central. An sbt declaration names an exact version, so this repository builds against 3.14.0 until the declaration is edited — there is no lockfile refresh that would move it.
  • Outdated: org.slf4j:slf4j-api — `org.slf4j %% slf4j-api` is declared at 2.0.12 in REDACTED, but 2.0.20 is the current release on Maven Central. An sbt declaration names an exact version, so this repository builds against 2.0.12 until the declaration is edited — there is no lockfile refresh that would move it.
  • Outdated: org.yaml:snakeyaml — `org.yaml %% snakeyaml` is declared at 2.2 in REDACTED, but 2.7 is the current release on Maven Central. An sbt declaration names an exact version, so this repository builds against 2.2 until the declaration is edited — there is no lockfile refresh that would move it.

Appendix B — Reproduction & audit trail

Every external tool invocation behind a deep-scan dimension — the tool, its captured version, the exact command, how many findings it yielded, and a link to the retained raw output. To reproduce any finding: check out the same commit and run the command shown (repo-relative — never an absolute scratch path). The complete raw scanner output is retained verbatim under artifacts/raw/ (indexed in artifacts/raw/index.json); per-invocation exit codes and wall-clock durations are in sidecar.json — kept out of this table so the rendered report stays byte-identical across runs of the same commit.

DimensionToolVersionCommandFindingsRaw output
D28 · Secrets (history)gitleaks—gitleaks detect --no-banner --config /opt/gitleaks-rules/watchdog-gitleaks.toml --report-format json --report-path /tmp/watchdog-gitleaks-950c84bd04d640d29a1fb842b7257efe/history.json --exit-code 0 --source .1artifacts/raw/gitleaks-history.json
D28 · Secrets (history)gitleaks—gitleaks detect --no-git --no-banner --config /opt/gitleaks-rules/watchdog-gitleaks.toml --report-format json --report-path /tmp/watchdog-gitleaks-950c84bd04d640d29a1fb842b7257efe/tree.json --exit-code 0 --source .0artifacts/raw/gitleaks-tree.json
D29 · Static Analysis (SAST)semgrep—semgrep --config /opt/semgrep-rules/security-audit.yml --config /opt/semgrep-rules/owasp-top-ten.yml --config /opt/semgrep-rules/watchdog-sast.yml --json --quiet --timeout 10 --timeout-threshold 3 --metrics off .51artifacts/raw/semgrep.json
D30 · Dependency Vulnerabilitiesosv-scanner—osv-scanner --format json --recursive --experimental-disable-plugins transitivedependency/requirements --experimental-disable-plugins dotnet/csproj --experimental-disable-plugins dotnet/nugetcpm . /tmp/codehealth-osv-sbom-0c9b2664435a4fc3b8355b151f5d0b1d1artifacts/raw/osv-scanner.json
D31 · IaC & Container Securitytrivy—trivy config --format json --quiet .0artifacts/raw/trivy-config.json
D32 · Data Compliance (PII/GDPR)semgrep—semgrep: not applicable — No personal data was found crossing a boundary the PII/GDPR ruleset checks — nothing written to a log or console sink, placed in a URL or query string, or persisted to browser storage. That is a clean result for the LEAK surface only: this ruleset detects personal data escaping, it does not inventory the personal data a repository holds, so it is not evidence that this repository has no personal-data surface. The personal-data map (Appendix C) and the C1-C5 compliance cards are what speak to that.0—
D37 · Vulnerability-disclosure Policydisclosure—disclosure: not applicable — No vulnerability-disclosure policy file found (SECURITY.md/.markdown/.rst/.txt at root or under .github/.forgejo/.gitea/docs, .well-known/security.txt). A coordinated-disclosure policy may live off-repo, so this is not evidenced rather than failed.0—
D40 · Network Egress Confinementruntime-hardening—runtime-hardening: not applicable — No Kubernetes/orchestration workloads found in the repository manifests; network egress policy is a cluster-native control that may live at the platform/firewall layer, so there is nothing to assess here.0—
D41 · Kernel & Syscall Confinementruntime-hardening—runtime-hardening: not applicable — No Kubernetes/orchestration workloads found in the repository manifests; seccomp/AppArmor/SELinux confinement is a workload-level control, so there is nothing to assess here.0—
D42 · Runtime Threat Enforcementruntime-hardening—runtime-hardening: not applicable — No Kubernetes/orchestration workloads found in the repository manifests; runtime threat-detection and admission-control policy are cluster-level controls, so there is nothing to assess here.0—
D43 · Malicious Dependenciesosv-scanner—osv-scanner --format json --recursive --experimental-disable-plugins transitivedependency/requirements --experimental-disable-plugins dotnet/csproj --experimental-disable-plugins dotnet/nugetcpm . /tmp/codehealth-osv-sbom-0c9b2664435a4fc3b8355b151f5d0b1d0artifacts/raw/osv-scanner.json

Run 01a15dbf-d785-7c34-85b3-1348d4f1ac33 · every finding is also locatable in findings.md, and the complete scoring record (with exit codes + durations) in sidecar.json.

Issues: 49 · Warnings: 62 · Recommendations: 90 · Info: 5 — Appendix A · all findings · full markdown report.
Generated by Watchdog — deterministic code-health analysis. 21-10-2026 @ 09:16 UTC.

Downloadable artifacts

Machine-readable and reproducible from this commit + frozen rubric — drop them straight into a contract appendix, a CRA dossier, or a downstream SCA / VEX tool.

⬇ Findings, MITRE CWE-tagged .sarif⬇ Health changelog .md